Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

205,466 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France

  1. JOKER123 เครดิตฟรี สล็อต เว็บตรง โบนัส 100% Slot Joker Gaming เว็บตรง คืนยอดเสีย สล็อต เว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ สล็อตโจ๊กเกอร์ 123 Joker123th สล็อตโจ๊กเกอร์

  2. I was very pleased to search out this net-site. I wished to thank you for your time for this wonderful read!! I positively enjoy each little bit of it and have you bookmarked to take a look at new stuff in your weblog post. love poetry in Urdu </a

  3. Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! 拋棄式電子煙

  4. Your article has answered the question I was wondering about! I would like to write a thesis on this subject, but I would like you to give your opinion once 😀 totosite

  5. Weight loss and fat burning might be tough for a number of folks. People often use a variety of strategies to lose weight, including restricted diets and strenuous exercise regimens. Yet, as individuals become more aware of natural and holistic health options, they are increasingly turning to natural fat burners such as Ikaria Lean Fat Burner.
    The Ikaria Lean Fat Burner is a natural dietary supplement that claims to aid in fat burning and weight loss in a safe and healthy manner. The supplement is named after the Greek island of Ikaria, which is renowned for its healthy lifestyle and long-living inhabitants. This article will offer a thorough overview of Ikaria Lean Fat Burner, including its components, advantages, and any adverse effects.
    Components of Ikaria Lean Fat Burner
    The Ikaria Lean Fat Burner is formulated with all-natural components renowned for their fat-burning powers. Below are some of the most important components of this supplement:
    Green Tea Extract is renowned for its antioxidant benefits, and it is also considered to have thermogenic characteristics that aid in fat burning. The catechins included in green tea assist in boosting the metabolism, which promotes fat loss.
    Garcinia Cambogia is a tropical fruit that contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which is claimed to decrease hunger and prevent the accumulation of fat in the body.
    Raspberry Ketones: Raspberry ketones are considered to stimulate the synthesis of adiponectin, a hormone that controls the metabolism and aids in fat burning.
    L-Carnitine is an amino acid that assists the body in converting fat to energy. It is thought to stimulate the metabolism and alleviate weariness.
    African Mango Extract is a fruit claimed to help reduce hunger and boost metabolism, resulting in weight reduction.
    Advantages of Ikaria Slim Fat Burner
    The Ikaria Lean Fat Burner claims to deliver the following benefits:
    Improved Fat Burning It is thought that the Ikaria Lean Fat Burner’s natural components enhance the metabolism, resulting in greater fat burning.
    Appetite Suppression: Several of the Ikaria Lean Fat Burner’s components, such as Garcinia Cambogia and African Mango, are claimed to help suppress appetite, hence reducing calorie consumption.
    https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/ikaria-lean-belly-juice-reviews-urgent-customer-update-should-you-buy-or-fake-claims-exposed–news-270521

  6. ibis paint x For pc
    is great to use, however cloud syncing has recently had problems. I haven’t been able to sync my accounts between my phone and either my computer or drawing tablet. Every day for the last week, I’ve tried uninstalling and reinstalling, but nothing seems to work. getting a white screen indefinitely. kindly correct this Great stuff, however cloud synchronization and account login really need improvement.

  7. สล็อตเว็บตรง สล็อตเว็บตรง หรือ สล็อตออนไลน์เว็บตรงค่าย slot-no1 มีความนิยมมากที่สุดและมาแรงในปี พ.ศ2023 ด้วยเพราะมีการเล่นได้ง่ายเพียงแค่มีอุปกรณ์อิเลคทอนิค เช่น โทรศัพท์มือถือ แทบแลต คอมพิวเตอร์ หรืออุปกรณ์ที่สามารถเชื่อมกับระบบอินเตอร์เน็ตได้ โดยรูปแบบเกมส์ที่ทันสมัย และได้เงินจริง และอีกทั้งยังมีสล็อตเว็บตรง มีโปรชั่นให้เลือกสรรอย่างมากมาย มีเกมสุดฮิต ให้ผู้ใช้งานได้เข้าใช้บริการอย่างจุใจ

  8. Things i have seen in terms of computer memory is the fact there are technical specs such as SDRAM, DDR and many others, that must match the features of the motherboard. If the personal computer’s motherboard is fairly current while there are no operating-system issues, changing the memory literally takes under sixty minutes. It’s one of several easiest personal computer upgrade techniques one can picture. Thanks for giving your ideas. how to change your iphone name

  9. PNG, PSD, and TIFF formats are just a few of the export possibilities available in download Procreate mac. Also, artists have the option to export their work in Procreate’s own file format, enabling them to continue working on their projects without interruption on both their iPad and Mac computers.

  10. Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly useful & it
    helped me out much. I hope to give something back and help others like you aided me.

    스포츠토토

  11. I am really enjoying this appearance/design of your site مشروع الأسبوع: التنصت على أبراج مراقبة الطائرات! | هندسة نت . Would you at any time encounter any internet browser interface problems? A number of our own readers sometimes complained about my website not operating appropriately within Internet Explorer but looks good inside Opera. Are there any kind of ideas to assist solve the issue? Plus my thoughts go out to those in tsunami we hope you are ok and safer !!! hair growth oil

  12. Opting to make the most of men’s hair clippers can be an fiscal way to truly save profits on haircuts. Commonly time’s adult males and boys have simple haircuts that can be accomplished with the good set of clippers. The key issue is having the suitable hair attention set and clippers to get the do the job executed proficiently. Pinterest haircuts

  13. It constantly is amazing to me how blog writers for example your self can find some time along with the commitment to carry on composing outstanding blogposts. Your blog isterrific and one of my must read blogs. I just had to thank you. black castor oil

  14. People with heart conditions
    Another group of people who should avoid taking Ikaria lean belly juice are those with heart conditions. This is because the ingredients in this supplement can increase heart rate and blood pressure. If you have a heart condition, you should talk to your doctor before taking this supplement.
    Pregnant women
    Pregnant women should also avoid taking Ikaria lean belly juice. This is because the ingredients in this supplement can cross the placenta and affect the developing baby. There is no research on the safety of taking this supplement during pregnancy, so it’s best to err on the side of caution and avoid it altogether.
    breastfeeding women
    Like pregnant women, breastfeeding women should also avoid taking Ikaria lean belly juice. This is because the ingredients in this supplement can be passed into breastmilk and consumed by the baby. There is no research on the safety of taking this supplement while breastfeeding, so it’s best to avoid it.
    In conclusion, there are some people who should avoid taking Ikaria lean belly juice. If you are obese, have a heart condition, are pregnant, or are breastfeeding, you should avoid taking this supplement.

    https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/ikaria-lean-belly-juice-reviews-urgent-customer-update-should-you-buy-or-fake-claims-exposed–news-270521

  15. Betway juga tawarkan LIGACAPSA bermacam macam permainan kasino, juga blackjack dan roulette. Permainan ini bagus untuk pemula dikarenakan tawarkan house edge yang rendah dan peluang menang yang tinggi.

  16. Hello, Ramanraman is here to discuss. Cryptocurrency, sometimes known as
    crypto-currency or crypto, refers to any type of virtual or digital currency
    that uses encryption to protect transactions. Cryptocurrencies use a decentralised
    mechanism to track transactions and create new units rather than a central body to issue or regulate them. Indian cryptocurrency

  17. The symptoms of the Delta variant of the COVID-19 virus are similar to those of the original strain of the virus, but some people have reported that they are experiencing more severe symptoms. The most common symptoms of the Delta variant include:
    Fever
    Cough
    Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
    Fatigue
    Muscle or body aches
    Headache
    Loss of taste or smell
    Sore throat
    Runny or stuffy nose
    Diarrhea
    Nausea or vomiting
    It’s important to note that not everyone with COVID-19 experiences symptoms, and some people may have only mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Additionally, some symptoms, such as loss of taste or smell, may be more common with the Delta variant than with other strains of the virus. If you think you may have been exposed to COVID-19 or have symptoms, it’s important to get tested and follow guidance from healthcare professionals.

  18. The symptoms of the Delta variant of the COVID-19 virus are similar to those of the original strain of the virus, but some people have reported that they are experiencing more severe symptoms. The most common symptoms of the Delta variant include:

    Fever

    Cough

    Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

    Fatigue

    Muscle or body aches

    Headache

    Loss of taste or smell

    Sore throat

    Runny or stuffy nose

    Diarrhea

    Nausea or vomiting

    It’s important to note that not everyone with COVID-19 experiences symptoms, and some people may have only mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Additionally, some symptoms, such as loss of taste or smell, may be more common with the Delta variant than with other strains of the virus. If you think you may have been exposed to COVID-19 or have symptoms, it’s important to get tested and follow guidance from healthcare professionals.

  19. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here keep up the good work Tech Talk Central

  20. Get My Money From Exodus Wallet Is it true that you are a Bitcoin or other digital money client? Provided that this is true, you could have known the meaning of getting to a computerized wallet. The wallet permits you to exchange or contribute helpfully. You might see a lot of wallets, and you are probably seeing one of the most secure ones here. Getting My Cash From Departure Wallet is simple. Here you can peruse the bit-by-bit manual for making a free departure wallet.

  21. Ini bang link CINCINQQ amanah. Aku udah tes main disana beneran gacor anti rungkad, temen2 termasuk terhadap main disana kerap sanggup maxwin

  22. Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. best limo service nyc

  23. Kangenslot: Today’s Gacor Slot Rtp Online Gambling Site Easy to Win Kangenslot – Today’s online slot games are not a taboo subject in society, because the truth is there are hundreds of thousands of people in Indonesia who play online slots every day. In this case, it is so natural to happen because remember the fact that playing online slots can provide several advantages for anyone who plays it. By playing online slots, everyone has the right to get wins in the form of max win in slot games with cash prizes of millions to billions of rupiah. Easy access to online slots that can be played via any cellphone, such as mobile phones, tablets, notebooks, to PCs, is one of the main points of view for slot bettors. In planning to balance the number of lovers of online slot games, today’s gacor slot appears for the first time on the trusted online slot gambling site, the number 1 trusted online slot in Indonesia, which is official with a license certificate with the best international standards. The list of online gambling licenses such as PAGCOR, iTech Labs, Gambling Commission, BMM Testlabs, and Gaming Labs Certified work to always update and provide monitoring of the system that works on the gacor online slot gambling site. With this, slot players can confidently play slots without fear of experiencing losses or fraud, because they have been closely monitored and supervised. In addition to the cheap spins that are offered, the multiplication bonus is easy to hit, making players feel that it’s easier to get the Jackpot from online gambling than playing directly at the casino, which of course costs transportation and other travel expenses. Therefore you won’t go wrong by choosing to play the games provided by PG Slots on the trusted KANGENSLOT slot gambling site. situs slot online terbaik

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *