1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
“Countless days that have become cloudy before I know it I suddenly think The song I liked메이저사이트 backthenlet’s take one out yes we did A song that I cried while missing you My heart is still the same, it’s still you
A song that comforts you by saying it’s okay”
Really nice and interesting post. I was looking for this kind of information and enjoyed reading this one. Keep posting. Thanks for sharing.
Can I just now say that of a relief to find somebody that truly knows what theyre discussing on the internet. You certainly discover how to bring a challenge to light and produce it crucial. More and more people should check this out and fully grasp this side of the story. I cant think youre no more popular simply because you undoubtedly have the gift. slot gacor
let’s see foxip is law office and legal consultant terpercaya
https://foxip.co.id/id
Eğitim koçluğu‘nun faydalarını ve ne iş yaptıklarını anlattığımız blog içeriğini inceleyebilirsiniz.
Of course, your article is good enough, majorsite but I thought it would be much better to see professional photos and videos together. There are articles and photos on these topics on my homepage, so please visit and share your opinions.
I definitely enjoying every little bit of it. It is a great website and nice share. I want to thank you. Good job! You guys do a great blog, and have some great contents. Keep up the good work. các trung tâm luyện thi ielts tốt nhất hà nội
As I am looking at your writing, casino online I regret being unable to do outdoor activities due to Corona 19, and I miss my old daily life. If you also miss the daily life of those days, would you please visit my site once? My site is a site where I post about photos and daily life when I was free.
When a blind man bears the standard pity those who follow…. Where ignorance is bliss ‘tis folly to be wise…. credit card in uae on 5000 salary
That is certainly when I commenced contemplating learn how to do anything at once. I commenced rearranging facts on my blog in order to provide my loyal guests the capability to comment and obtain do-follow backlinks and virtually remove all of the automated comment posting as soon as and for all. những mẫu sàn nhựa giả gỗ đẹp
Öğrencilerimizi sınav ve okul başarılarına destek olduğumuz öğrenci koçluğu yazımıza göz atabilirsiniz.
Wow i can say that this is another great article as expected of this blog.Bookmarked this site.. 마사지커뮤니티
Our services are available in all cities of Minneapolis and its surroundings. We are having years of experience which enabled our customers and clients to trust our services. how to apply credit card in adcb
Venus Raj really looks very pretty on the pictures, she is very photogenic” alpha777
I’d should seek advice from you here. Which is not something I usually do! I love to reading an article that can get people to believe. Also, thank you permitting me to comment! sàn nhựa giả gỗ
Thanks for sharing this info!
Cathay Pacific Cancellation Policy
That is certainly when I commenced contemplating learn how to do anything at once. I commenced rearranging facts on my blog in order to provide my loyal guests the capability to comment and obtain do-follow backlinks and virtually remove all of the automated comment posting as soon as and for all.
The Delta 8 Dudes
this is very informative, Thank you.
<a href="https://kimihub.com" Kimi Hub
A fascinating discourse is value remark. I feel that it is ideal to compose more on this issue, it may not be a forbidden theme anyway ordinarily people are insufficient to chat on such points. To the following. Good health. best bank for personal loan in uae
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up best loan in uae
Thank you for this information.
https://kimihub.com
You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. deck contractor
I have used a lot of juicers in the past and I created this blog to help juice lovers make the right decision in choosing the type of juicer that best fit their needs. There are several good masticating juicers to choose from. lowest home loan interest rate
Baccarat is a popular casino card game that is often played in high stakes rooms. The game is played between two hands: the player and the banker. Each hand is dealt two or three cards, and the goal is to get a hand that is as close to nine as possible.
https://cisinoblog.com/
At the beginning of the game, players place their bets on either the player hand, the banker hand, or a tie. The dealer then deals two cards to both the player and banker hands. If either hand has a total of 8 or 9, it is called a “natural” and the game is over. If neither hand has a natural, the dealer may draw a third card for one or both hands depending on the rules.
An impressive share, I simply given this onto a colleague who had been doing a little analysis for this. And then he in reality bought me breakfast simply because I stumbled upon it for him.. smile. So ok, i’ll reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending any time to go over this, I’m strongly regarding this and adore reading regarding this topic. If you can, as you grow expertise, might you mind updating your blog post with additional details? It’s highly helpful for me. Huge thumb up due to this post! tridewi
Glad to be one of the visitors on this awe inspiring web site : D. Sound rental
Most entrepreneurs ap123 who have tried it find
This is a shrewd blog. I would not joke about this. You have such a great amount of information about this issue, thus much enthusiasm. You likewise realize how to make individuals rally behind it, clearly from the reactions. personal loan in uae 3000 salary
I certainly getting a charge out of each and every piece of it. It is an incredible site and decent share. I need to bless your heart. Great job! You all do an extraordinary blog, and have some incredible substance. Keep doing awesome used car loan dubai
You’ve completed in excellent work. t suggest to my frtends ind personilly wtll certitnly dtgtt. t’m conftdent they’ll be gitned from thts webstte. lowest interest rate personal loan
That is some inspirational stuff. Never knew that opinions could be this varied. I wish I had your insight. link zeus88
Hi, just required you to know I he added your site to my Google bookmarks due to your layout. But seriously,สมัครเล่นบาคาร่าI believe your internet site has 1 in the freshest theme I??ve came across. It extremely helps make reading your blog significantly easier.
https://qqmega368.cc/ QQMEGA368 adalah situs judi slot online yang menyediakan berbagai jenis permainan slot online, termasuk slot dari provider terkenal seperti Pragmatic Play.
I truly like your blog. Incredible article. It’s most obvious, individuals ought to learn before they can federal bank home loan interest rate
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here. buy cocaine online
ufavip666 ผู้ให้บริการคาสิโนออนไลน์ เว็บตรงเชื่อถือได้ และเป็นผู้ให้บริการเกมการเดิมพันอย่างครบวงจร ทุกใจทุกการเดิมพัน ได้แล้ววันนี้ goodday
Good blog it is very informative and inspiring content thanks for sharing us. Are you looking for the best-modded version of Clash Royale? Use Master Royale Infinity private server for Clash Royale mod to play the game with infinite Gold, gems, and other advantages. Master Royale is the best private server. For more information Visit Master Royale Private Server.
Tired at work? Do you want to relax? chile online casinos will help you with this
Unbelievable articles and wonderful plan. Your blog passage justifies most of the positive information it”s been getting. best personal loan in uae
เกมคาสิโน ที่ได้รับความนิยม omg333 มีให้เลือกเล่นได้ครบทุกแบรนด์ดัง เพียงสมัครสมาชิก เข้ามาเลือกพนันได้ครบทุกสไตล์ ตามต้องการ เล่นผ่านแอปบนโทรศัพท์มือถือ หรือ หน้าเว็บก็ได้ เราพร้อมให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง ลงทะเบียนเป็นสมาชิกวันนี้ รับโปรโมชันแจกฟรี ได้ไม่จำกัด รับรองได้เงินครบทุกยอดพนัน ไม่มีการหลอกลวงแน่นอนมีมือเครื่องเดียว ก็เลือกเล่นเกม ยอดฮิต ได้ครบทุกแบบ ไม่ว่าจะเป็น บาคาร่า สล็อต หรือ รูเล็ต เราก็เปิดให้บริการได้ครบวงจร อีกทั้งเข้ามาฝากถอน ได้ฟรี ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง เกมคาสิโนเว็บตรง ของเรา เริ่มที่ 1 บาท ตกลงปลงใจเข้ามาลงทุนพนัน ทำเงินได้เงินจริงทุกวัน 100%
สมัครเข้าเล่น money train 2 เว็บไหนดี ที่จะสามารถตอบปัญหา รวมทั้งเข้าถึงในความมุ่งหมายของตัวเองได้มากที่สุด omg333 มีความพิเศษรอบด้าน เราขอเชิญชวนให้เข้ามาเล่นที่เว็บของเรา เหตุเพราะเป็นเว็บที่เด่นในทุกการให้บริการ เว็บที่มี money train 2 slot ที่รื้นเริงพอใจ เข้าสมัครเล่นได้ฟรี พร้อมเปิดโหมดทดลองเล่น แบบไม่จำกัด สามารถเข้าเล่นฟรี เพื่อเพิ่มวิถีทางสำหรับการเอาชนะเหมาะสมโหมดdemo เหมาะสมกับคนที่ไม่ค่อยมีงบประมาณอย่างมากมาย เพียงแค่ก้าวเข้ามาที่ตรงนี้ เพื่อเข้าทดลองเล่นเกมสล็อตรถไฟขนเงิน ที่สำคัญไปกว่านั้นเป็น ถึงแม้นักพนันจะเข้าทดลองเล่น แม้กระนั้นถ้าหากเล่นชนะ จะสามารถรับเงินได้จริง จ่ายเงินรางวัลสูงที่สุด พร้อมถอนเงินออกได้จริงตลอดระยะเวลา
There’s noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made certain good points in features also. Roof Damage Repair In Webster
That is the reason selling promoting efforts showcasing with the goal that you could significant investigate past advertisment. Simply to scribble down more grounded set that fit this depiction. online personal loan
ขอบคุณสำหรับบทความที่ดี ดีมากๆค่ะ
afabet168
gclub login
A decent blog consistently concocts new and energizing data and keeping in mind that understanding I have feel that this blog is truly have each one of those quality that qualify a blog to be a one. dubai islamic bank personal loan interest rate
In any occasion it finished an extremely fabulous excursion for us on a flat out high. An instance of being in the perfect spot at the correct time!” easy loan in uae
Nice site, nice and easy on the eyes and great content too. Do you need many drafts to make a post? 鏈 新聞
Jadi kami telah menyediakan beragam variasi dan promo yang dapat didapat jikalau anda bergabung dengan agen judi slot gacor sah dan bonus yang dapat anda peroleh. Oleh sebab itu kalau anda meregistrasikan diri anda kini anda tak akan mengalami kerugian yang ada pun anda akan menerima profit sebab kami yakni agen slot gacor terpercaya 2023. Agen laman slot gacor paling mudah menang memang memberikan banyak kemudahan untuk menerima profit yang sebesar-besarnya terhadap anggota kami sehingga banyak anggota BONANZASLOT88 yang loyal bermain ditempatkan kami sebab kemudahannya untuk menang.
Just admiring your work and wondering how you managed this blog so well. It’s so remarkable that I can’t afford to not go through this valuable information whenever I surf the internet! https://voyance-telephone-serieuse.com
Game populer berikutnya pada laman AIRBET88 slot online terpercaya Slot Gacor ialah Fishing God di klasifikasi Tembak Ikan yang berasal dari provider Spadegaming. Kamu game ini pantas untuk kau yang baru mengawali bermain di akun slot gacor Slot Gacor. Siapa sih yang tak mengetahui variasi permainan Poker? Permainan situs yang dapat dimainkan dengan 8 pemain ini telah diketahui luas begitupun dengan Poker Live IDNPlay di kelompok P2P yang mempunyai pemain luar awam.