1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
If you don”t mind proceed with this extraordinary work and I anticipate a greater amount of your magnificent blog entries tấm nhựa ốp tường
PIGSPIN เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ที่มาแรงที่สุด อันดับ 1 ในไทยตอนนี้ เล่นเลย!
I will share info about how to make a fortune I am
always here for yall. Go check my sites guys!!
I have been checking out a few of your stories and i must say nice stuff. I will surely bookmark your website เซ็กซี่บาคาร่า
Коммунальные службы — стабильная сфера, которая обеспечивает комфорт и удобство граждан. купить права на мусоровоз
Change isn’t easy for many people, nigoal123 which is why it’s often difficult to embrace new ideas in the workplace.
That’s not me not used to blogging and actually value internet site. You can find much innovative content that peaks my interest. Let me bookmark your website whilst checking you out of trouble. social media accounts
PIGSPIN เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ที่มาแรงที่สุด อันดับ 1 ในไทยตอนนี้ เล่นสล็อตออนไลน์เลย!
Thanks For sharing this Superb article.I use this Article to show my assignment in college.it is useful For me Great Work. laptop servis
You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! lebensechte sexpuppe
This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs… PACK PARA
I appreciated your work very thanks click
I’ve guaranteed decided to make a blog, which I hold been missing to achieve for a during. Sees for this enlighten, it’s genuinely sensible! nid bd download
Very Nice Blog, it has very unique information. At The Student Helpline, we understand that programming assignments can be challenging and time-consuming, which is why we offer affordable and timely programming assignment help. Our goal is to help students succeed in their coursework and achieve their academic goals.
https://qqmega368.work/ QQMEGA368 adalah BO Judi Slot Online Pragmatic Lapak Pusat Terpercaya Sebagai Penyedia Slot online dari provider terkenal yaitu Pragmatic Play.
Thanks again for the article post.Really thank you! Much obliged. Deep web links
Muchos Gracias for your blog post.Really thank you! Great. Hidden wiki
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought you have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention. tam go nhua op tuong
แทงบอล
rtp live
I have been looking for articles on these topics for a long time.
I don’t know how grateful you are for posting on this topic. Thank you for the numerous articles on this site, 안전놀이터 I will subscribe to those links in my bookmarks and visit them often. Have a nice day.
Thanks for Blog
Home Loan Experts Australia
AE Seven Sicbo on mobile 24 hours
AE Seven Sicbo บนมือถือ
You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched all over the place and just could not locate it. What a perfect web site. Buy medical marijuana
Very educating story, saved your site for hopes to read more! Stahlwandpools
PIGSPIN เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ที่มาแรงที่สุด อันดับ 1 ในไทยตอนนี้ ทดลองเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ที่นี่
Thank you to the author from the heart.อสังหาริมทรัพย์ภูเก็ต
This article discusses the importance of this blog for business promotion. Promoting a blog is just like promoting any other website and can be difficult to do if you are not sure what needs to be done, but with the right tips and tricks, this doesn’t have to be. Hopefully, you find this article on this blog helpful and decide to visit the site below to see just what they are talking about. Buy Snapchat accounts
Third, make sure you are clear concerning your wedding officiant’s payment policy. Some officiants require a down payment. Some want to be paid a few weeks prior to the wedding. best arizona officiant
Gems form the internet… […]very few websites that happen to be detailed below, from our point of view are undoubtedly well worth checking out[…]…… betflix789
If your wedding officiant did a great job at your wedding, why not give him or her an endorsement. best arizona officiant
This is a conversation that I gained a lot of knowledge from reading comments. เว็บข่าวฟุตบอล
Did they appreciate their officiant during their wedding? Did their officiant make their wedding interesting to the eyes of the guests? Did they make their wedding more memorable? best arizona officiant
Thank you admin for bringing this article to read.อสังหาริมทรัพย์ภูเก็ต
Toprank Media Group merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang media massa, media iklan, properti, restoran, dan sumber daya alam yang berpusat di Jakarta, Indonesia.
Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing! online chatten
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with extra information? It is extremely helpful for me. payment processing sales jobs
Bermain di dalamnya menjadi salah satu sistem terbaik untuk kemudian pemain dapat merasakan jenis keseruan dan kesenangan sekalian profit finansial yang sungguh-sungguh besar. Bermacam kemudahan juga ditawarkan termasuk memungkinkan para pemain di Indonesia mengakses dengan aman dan nyaman serta lancar serta pengerjaan transaksi juga dapat gunakan rupiah. Apalagi memang banyak jaringan alternatif web agen judi poker LIGA99 yang sah dan terpercaya tersedia di Indonesia.
For most this really is the most beneficial alternative in this posting observe how to attempt to complete the product. 안전슬롯
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. slot online
Excellent post. I was always checking this blog, and I’m impressed! Extremely useful info specially the last part, I care for such information a lot. I was exploring this particular info for a long time. Thanks to this blog my exploration has ended. start a merchant services company
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike other blogs I have read which are really not that good.Thanks alot! start a payment processing company
extremely good statistics in your weblog, thanks for taking the time to proportion with us. Exceptional perception you have got in this, it is excellent to find a internet site that information a lot records approximately special artists wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you ever been running a blog for? You made jogging a blog glance smooth. The total look of your website is first-rate, not to mention the content! Superb points you wrote here.. Brilliant stuff… I assume you’ve made some truly thrilling points. Hold up the good work 토토안전나라
extremely토토안전나라
Maintain doing fantastic. Satisfied to be a chunk of your net organization
먹튀클래스
thanks for the realistic critique. Me and my neighbor had been just getting ready to do a little studies approximately this. We were given a clutch a e book from our place library but i suppose i found out extra from this post. I’m very glad to peer such surprising facts being shared freely available.. I do believe this is an top notch blog. I stumbled upon it on yahoo , i’m able to come back once more. Cash and freedom is the excellent way to change, may you be rich and help other people. 먹튀
wow, what an exceptional put up. I discovered this too much informatics. It’s far what i used to be in search of for. I would like to advocate you that please preserve sharing such form of information. If possible, thanks. splendid article! I need people to understand just how precise this facts is on your article. It’s exciting, compelling content. Your perspectives are similar to my very own concerning this issue.“thanks, notable publish. I truly like your factor of view! Thanks for posting 먹튀검색
some stores have really bad customer service while others have topnotch custmer service, Stahlwandpools
“just announcing thanks will no longer just be enough, for the fantasti c lucidity on your writing. I can immediately clutch your rss feed to stay informed of any updates. After studying your article i was amazed. I understand which you give an explanation for it thoroughly. And i desire that different readers can even revel in how i experience after studying your article. I’m now not positive in which you are becoming your data,
but accurate topic. I needs to spend some time getting to know extra
or expertise extra. Thank you for marvelous information i used to be searching
for this data for my assignment.” 토토하이
i without a doubt desired to ctivity with this. Also, the weblog loads very rapid for me on opera. Terrific blog! 토토