1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. HmD Gaming
Thank you for the info. I’ve definitely picked up something new from right here.
카지노사이트
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article.
카지노사이트777
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search. Its a good post, keep posting and update the information.
카지노사이트가이드
I really happy found this website eventually. Really informative. 안전토토사이트
Thank you so much for this wonderful post and all the best for your future. I hope to see more post from you. https://koyie.xyz
I am satisfied with the arrangement of your post. https://baccaratsite.one
Such a nice post. Thanks for sharing such a valuable features and other relevant information. https://baccaratsite.org
This is really helpful post, very informative there is no doubt about it. I found this one pretty fascinating. https://baccaratsite.xyz
Thank you so much for sharing these amazing tips. https://betman.one
I must say you are an incredible writer, I love the way that you describe the things. https://bcrasno.link/
Thank you for the good writeup. Hope to see more from you. https://happytoyworld.xyz
Today I am the very very charm because I read your post from start to end and get more information I am very inspired today. https://richiest.xyz
This blog so very good and i like you from me SLOT MPO GACOR
Voopoo vmate infinity pod kit, featuring a 900mAh battery, silver-ion anti-bacterial mouthpiece, and utilizes the new Vmate V2 Pods, Price in Pakistan.
https://vapors.pk/product/voopoo-vmate-infinity-pod-kit-17w/
I appreciate about the website and wonderfultopic that so amszing to learn บาคาร่าขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Are you looking to learn Quran and its teachings? Quran Kareem is the perfect place for you! We offer various courses and tutoring sessions to help you learn Quran, along with its beautiful language – Arabic.
https://sadaatquranacademy.com/
pg slot เว็บใหม่ เป็นเว็บไซต์ใหม่ที่ให้คุณเล่นเกมต่างๆได้ฟรี ช่วยให้ผู้เล่นเล่นและชนะเกมสล็อตฟรีเพื่อแลกกับการเสี่ยง เว็บไซต์นี้ไม่มีสกุลเงินจริง แต่อนุญาตให้ผู้ใช้ฝากและถอนผ่านระบบอัตโนมัติ ขั้นตอนง่าย ๆ นี้ช่วยให้ผู้ใช้สามารถถอนเงินที่ชนะได้อย่างรวดเร็วโดยไม่ต้องยุ่งยากมากนัก PG Slot เป็นเว็บไซต์ใหม่ที่ให้บริการเกมสล็อตเล่นฟรีโดยไม่จำเป็นต้องลงทะเบียน คุณสามารถเล่นเกมรายวันและแม้แต่เงินสดในโบนัสของคุณ โดยไม่คำนึงถึงอุตสาหกรรมการเดิมพัน เป็นเรื่องดีที่รู้ว่ามีเว็บไซต์ที่ส่งเสริมตัวเอง โปรโมชั่นที่หลากหลายเหล่านี้ล้วนแต่ดึงดูดความสนใจมายังอุตสาหกรรมได้ดี และในทางกลับกันก็จะดึงผู้เล่นเข้าสู่โลกแห่งการพนันมากขึ้น pg slot มีระบบอัตโนมัติที่ให้คุณฝากและถอนเงินผ่านบัตรเครดิตหรือเงินสด เปิดตัวโดยผู้ให้บริการคาสิโนออนไลน์ที่มีประสบการณ์สองราย ได้แก่ Big Red Gaming (บริษัทที่อยู่เบื้องหลัง PokerStars ยอดนิยม) และ Betsoft Gaming สารบัญ pg slot เว็บใหม่ คืออะไร? pg slot เว็บใหม่ ไม่ผ่านเอเย่น เว็บตรงแตกง่าย pg slot เว็บใหม่ pg slot เว็บใหม่ สล็อตแตกหนัก สรุป pg slot เว็บใหม่ คืออะไร? เล่นเกมสล็อตฟรีกับ
Extremist Indians tortured and injured a person dressed as Santa Claus in the city of Vadodara in the state of Gujarat, Indi
https://hptimespk.com/international/extremist-hindu-rioters-torture-santa-claus/
Burj al Arab ,Discover excellence in sustainable extra-virgin olive oil with our premium olive oils. Our commitment to quality and sustainability will bring you the best of nature in every drop.
https://alesyademonaco.com/pages/burjalarab
Looking at this article, I miss the time when I didn’t wear a mask. totosite Hopefully this corona will end soon. My blog is a blog that mainly posts pictures of daily life before Corona and landscapes at that time. If you want to remember that time again, please visit us.
Shop online for stylish dresses from Lahore online shopping store. Our selection includes a variety of Online dresses, sizes and styles to help you.
https://onlinefaida.com/
Get Free 1TB cloud storage. Store, access and share your documents, photos, videos and other files securely on the cloud. Sign up now to get your free storage!
https://theultracloud.com/
Due to pollution and a busy schedule, many Canadian women suffer from skin problems such as dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and acne. In addition to using high quality skin care products on a daily basis, it’s best to get a facial every now and then.
https://worldofgreenshine.com/blogs/news/best-facial-kits-in-canada/
thanks for this great. i am wondering if you were planning on publishing similar articles to this one. keep up the excellent posts!sälja bilen snabbt
Such a nice post. Thanks for sharing such valuable features sway office and other relevant information.
This blog so very good and i like you from me RTP MPO SLOT
https://blogs.cornell.edu/advancedrevenuemanagement12/2012/03/27/internet-cafe-in-asia-3/comment-page-57/#comment-184878
vegus888 VEGUS168S คาสิโนออนไลน์
In any event it ended a really fantastic trip for us on an absolute high. A case of being in the right place at the right time!” pilates training
https://www.drpepperstarcenter.com/
visit : https://www.drpepperstarcenter.com/
I am ceaselessly stunned by the measure of data accessible regarding this matter. What you introduced was all around looked into and eloquent so as to get your remain on this crosswise over to every one of your perusers. 預防脫髮
So karma to go over your incredible blog. Your blog presents to me a lot of fun.. Good karma with the site. 脫髮原因
The best way to prevent pests from hurting your warehouse is by having a plan in place for them at all times. Commercial Pest control industry specific protocols to services. Commercial Extermination
Extraordinary things you’ve generally imparted to us. Simply continue written work this sort of posts.The time which was squandered in going for educational cost now it can be utilized for studies.Thanks pilates trainer
This is a great high resolution screen which you have shared for the users. Making a website is not an easy task but managing a good website is really a hard work. As far as this website is concerned, I am very happy. pilates training
บาคาร่าออนไลน์ นอกเหนือจากที่จะแจก เครดิตฟรี กดรับเอง ไม่มี ข้อแม้ ให้กดรับกันกล้วยๆแล้ว เว็บไซต์ของพวกเรายังเต็มไปด้วยเกมแตกง่าย จากค่าย PG ที่คัดเลือกมาเน้นย้ำๆเพื่อเพิ่มอรรถรสสำหรับเพื่อการเล่นของนักพนัน ให้พุ่งไปจุดสุดยอดได้แบบไม่สะดุด โบนัส สล็อต PG แตกไม่หยุด แตกแม่นที่สุด 2023
บาคาร่าออนไลน์
เล่นเกมสล็อตค่าย จากเว็บไซต์เมก้าเกมสมาชิกใหม่มาแรง เว็บเกมสล็อตที่เหมาะสมที่สุดในนาทีนี้ เว็บรวมเกมสล็อตที่ทันสมัยตามใจผู้เล่นแบบสุดๆกับโปรโมชั่น ใหม่ในตอนนี้
โปรโมชั่นสุดพิเศษสมัครใหม่ betflik789 หนแรกรับโบนัสฟรีอย่างฉับพลันสูงสุดถึง 100% แล้วหลังจากนั้นก็ยังมีโปรโมชั่นพิเศษสำหรับสมาชิกอีกเพียบเลยภายในเว็บไซต์ของเรา เช่น โปรโมชั่นสมาชิกใหม่
Looking for a reliable SEO partner? Choose Bottom Funnel Products. Our team of experts will help you improve your search engine rankings, drive more traffic to your website, and increase your online presence.
great blog, really informative
tiktok downloader
All cats, except those who are nigoal123 hairless, shed, but the amounts vary according to the length of hair,
It’s really great. Thank you for providing a quality article. There is something you might be interested in. Do you know majorsite ? If you have more questions, please come to my site and check it out!
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. sälja min bil
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. sälja bilen online
We have sell some products of different custom boxes.it is very useful and very low price please visits this site thanks and please share this post with your friends. sälja bilen snabbt
Thank you because you have been willing to share information with us. we will always appreciate all you have done here because I know you are very concerned with our. sälja begagnad bil
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. sälja bil värdering
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. sälja bil till bilhandlare
autobet-autobet เว็บพนันออนไลน์ อันดับที่หนึ่งเลิกเสียเวล่ำเวลาสักหนึ่งครั้งกับเว็บเดิมทดลองเล่น ค่ายเกมสล็อตเว็บใหญ่ ของเรากันได้ช้าของคุณนั้นมีค่าคุณสามารถหาเงินได้ตลอดเวลาไม่ว่าคุณจะอยู่ที่ที่ไหนคุณก็สามารถมาร่วม autobet-autobet กันทำเงินรางวัลโบนัสก้อนโตกับเว็บไซต์ของเรากันได้เลยด้วยความที่เรามีเกมหลากหลายให้แก่ท่านได้เลือกเล่นได้ตามใจชอบถนัดเกมไหนก็จัดได้เลยไม่ต้องรอคนใดกันไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นห่วงใยผู้ใดกันเพราะว่าเรามีบริการให้ทุกคนได้ เล่นเกมสล็อตเว็บใหญ่ จากเว็บไซต์ของเราได้ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมงและยังมีบริการฝากได้อย่างด่วนๆถอนได้ทันใจให้แก่คุณได้รับเงินกันโคตรง่ายแล้วก็ในทันทีทันใดกันไปเลยกับกรรมวิธีการหารายได้พิเศษมากมายหลายอย่างวิถีทาง