1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
takchita
gandoura
djellaba femme
Togel online resmi menyediakan pasaran terlengkap di Indonesia seperti togel hk, sgp, toto macau dan sydney. Situs togel online yg bisa bet 100 rupiah dan situs togel terpercaya
djellaba marocaine
Bermain judi di togel online juga tersedia slot online untuk para bandar togel terpercaya dan juga agen togel dimana anda bisa mendapatkan bonus toto togel situs togel terpercaya
https://heylink.me/Slotpragmaticplayhariini/
Situs Slot gacor Hari ini https://heylink.me/Slotpragmaticplayhariini/
http://ahliseo.net/detail/Cara-Update-Driver-Printer-HP-Untuk-Windows
Brassica
Transfer Agent API
Custodian API
Escrow API
I went to this website, and I believe that you have a plenty of excellent information, I have saved your site to my bookmarks. Adventures of Doubloon Island
I invite you to the page where you can read with interesting information on similar topics. Invitrx
I really enjoyed reading this article, Railway Industry France. It was really useful for me.
Riyaz Khatri, Author at Homes Zillow
카지노솔루션 If you live without forgetting me, I want to meet you once
How are you? Are you alone or with someone?
bandar togel online terbesar dan terpercaya. Situs togel situs togel terpercaya
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. bingo-voyance.com
電動按摩棒給你G點帶來順滑般强勁觸感，人類無法比擬的純粹快感，在沒有伴侶的情況下，隨時再現舔陰的感覺，讓你的生活隨時增添熱情狂野的一面。
Extraordinary results! And what a changeover for me! I am really glad that I chose them for work! I would suggest them to everyone. They are amazing in their work! togel online
Assignment Help services are always ready to assist students with all kinds of assignments when they need.
Yes indeed, Europe in all is a train paradise so to speak. I guess this is the future for transportation within Europe. Gracias BLT for this blog!!
Tech City Studio
I thank you for sharing this much useful information. I found this resource the most useful for me. Thank you very much for your hard work. รีวิวบาคาร่าออนไลน์
Thank you for sharing valuable info. Hire the best academic writer to improve your writing. 789 สมัคร
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. Adventures of Doubloon Island
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web!. บาคาร่า
Thanks for sharing
trevel Bondowoso Malang pp murah aman dan nyaman
We have sell some products of different custom boxes.it is very useful and very low price please visits this site thanks and please share this post with your friends. Matchfinder
Your brain must manufacture the สล็อตเว็บตรง แตกง่าย ไม่มี ขั้นต่ำ right proteins and fats to do things such as grow new connections or add myelin,
인싸게임
สูตรสล็อต PG แตกง่าย เป็นแนวทางการเล่นที่โปรโมชั่นหรือโบนัสแตกง่ายนักการพนันออนไลน์จะได้รับผลกำไรฟรีทันทีทันควัน เพิ่มอัตราและเพิ่มคุณค่าของวิธีการทำผลกำไรได้อย่างแน่วแน่
thanks for this usefull article, waiting for this article like this again. Prostamend
I’ve also written about a similar issue. If you are interested, I give you the link to my site. unstitched
I read that Post and got it fine and informative. voyante par telephone
How To Send Ethereum To Exodus Wallet: This digital age has brought about the proliferation of cryptocurrency wallets. With a cryptocurrency wallet, you can send, receive, and store cryptos like Ethereum, Bitcoin, etc. You should use an Ethereum-based digital wallet like Exodus if you decide to get into the crypto world.
For many people this is important, so check out my profile: 주소모음
Gambling or the chance to win that It is something that has been in Thailand for a long time. Gambling is playing for money. or something else by virtue of intelligence Expertise, ingenuity, ingenuity and skill, and good fortune plus good fortune สล็อตเว็บตรง
Thanks , I have recently been searching for information approximately this subject for a while and yours is the best I have found out so far. I am realy very happy to visit your blog. Now I am found which I actually want. I check your blog everyday and try to learn something from your blog. Thank you and waiting for your new post. zara4d
Thank you very much, very interesting with the discussion written with other comments that provide a lot of input for me. roma4d
on line slot video games It is a recreation that may be performed for actual cash. A recreation this is famous with Thai those who flip to play loads Because on line slots video games make cash for limitless people, 100% harmless, easy-to-play slots video games, actual payouts. สมัคร ambbet
These women offer both private sex and may be hired by clients through separate escort services. Your ESCORTS IN LAHORE will provide you a first-class female within minutes based on your specific preferences. With your escort, you’ll be lavished with love and care and enjoy a memorable time. You’re ready for some sensuous enjoyment after you’ve made the decision to employ escorts in Lahore!
This is a great inspiring article. https://bit.ly/3F8suBk I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put really very helpful information…
ikaria lean belly juice
You can find your politician by looking on their website or by contacting them directly.Visit
jacobsnow สล็อตออนไลน์บนมือถือเกมใหม่ล่าสุด ค่ายพีจี พนันออนไลน์อันดับ 1 ที่กำลังมาแรงที่สุดในประเทศไทยในตอนนี้ ด้วยโปรโมชั่นที่น่าสนใจ จะเลือกเล่นคาสิโนออนไลน์หรือเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ ในรูปแบบต่างๆ ก็มีให้เลือกเล่นจำนวนมาก เดิมพันผ่านลิ้งค์ได้แล้ววันนี้ที่หน้าเว็บไซต์สุดเรียบง่าย เข้าได้โดยไม่ต้องโหลดโปรแกรม เล่นเดิมพันเกมออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด ได้ตลอดเวลา
hydeparkappeal พบกับประสบการณ์และมาตรฐานความสนุกแบบใหม่ บนเทคโนโลยีที่มีความทันสมัย เว็บไซต์ของเราเตรียมความพร้อมและกระจายโอกาส ให้คุณได้สัมผัสสัมผัสความเพลิดเพลิน กับพื้นที่ทางเข้าที่มีเทคโนโลยีพร้อมเสิร์ฟความบันเทิงให้คุณได้สนุก แบบครบวงจร เตรียมความพร้อมให้คุณสัมผัสความเพลิดเพลิน บริการสุดพิเศษบนเทคโนโลยีที่คัดสรรมาเพื่อสมาชิกโดยเฉพาะ
edpn พื้นที่ทางเข้า ในการสัมผัสความเพลิดเพลินของระบบการเล่นพนันได้เงิน คืนเตรียมความพร้อม ให้คุณได้พบมุมมองใหม่ ของการหาเงินออนไลน์ ที่มีความคุ้มค่าเว็บไซต์ของเรา ให้ความสำคัญ กับการกระจายพื้นที่ระลึกทางเข้า ที่พร้อมจะเป็นส่วนผสมและการเพิ่มความสนุกอย่างลงตัว ให้คุณพบกับความพิเศษอย่างคุ้มค่า เว็บไซต์ของเรา ให้ความสำคัญ กับบริการตัวเลือกที่พร้อมเป็นส่วนผสม และขยายโอกาสให้คุณสัมผัสความเพลิดเพลิน อย่างใกล้ชิด
evpatoria-rest เราเป็นผู้ให้บริการ เกมสล็อตค่าย PG เว็บตรงล่าสุด เปิดให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง เว็บสล็อตไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ การันตีจากผู้เล่นจริง มีการเงินมั่นคง เว็บตรงพร้อมบริการทดลองเล่นเกมฟรี ไม่ต้องเสียค่าใช้จ่าย