1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Very nice blog and articles. I am very happy to visit your blog.I check your blog every day and try to learn something from your blog. Thank you and waiting for your new post. Also, Visit my website. https://www.oddylabs.com/
This blog is very beneficial to us. Thank you for writing about it. In this article, some examples help me apply to my daily life. 메이저토토
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web! dizimom
Say, you got a nice article.Really thank you! Will read on… ค่าเงิน AUD วันนี้
marketing online is of course a good business and also a great way to earn money online“ Webcam Sex
Wireless tablets offer a great way to connect with the world outside of your home. Whether you’re using it to access the internet, work on some scientific papers, or just have some fun, a wireless tablet is a powerful tool that can be used in many ways. Get newphone wireless free tablet
SEO Company India
카지노솔루션 I’ll hold your hand
TwIt’s the same way
If all the pain becomes stars and is in the sky
The whole night shines brightly
We love to create new, fun and exciting personal style home and fashion products with a flair and at a fair price. Stay tuned to our shop on Instagramเว็บบาคาร่า
Fever is usually associated with physical สล็อตเว็บตรง แตกง่าย ไม่มี ขั้นต่ำ discomfort, and most people feel better when a fever is treated.
I’m excited to uncover this page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly fantastic read !! I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you saved to fav to look at new information in your site.
Türk Anime
Cash For Cars West Auckland
Best carding forum, trusted carding forum, Legit carding forums, verified carding forum 2021, carding forum 2021, carding forum list, trusted carding forum 2021, credit card hackers forum, carding Best Darkweb Carding Forum and Hacking forum
Best carding forum, trusted carding forum, Legit carding forums, verified carding forum 2021, carding forum 2021, carding forum list, trusted carding forum 2021, credit card hackers forum, carding Best Darkweb Carding Forum and Hacking forum
Immigration Lawyers… […]the time to read or visit the content or sites we have linked to below the[…]… มวยพักยก77
เกมสล็อต เว็บตรง pg-4 ระบบฝาก – ถอน ด้วยระบบออโต้ ที่ไม่ต้องรอให้เสียเวลา เว็บเดียวเข้าเล่นได้ทุกค่าย ทุกเกมดัง มีกิจกรรม แจกเครดิตฟรี เว็บตรง pg ตลอดทั้งวัน กิจกรรมสมัครสมาชิกใหม่ ที่สามารถรับโบนัส หรือไม่ว่าจะเป็นกิจกรรมชวนเพื่อนเพื่อรับโบนัสฟรี ยิ่งชวนเยอะ ยิ่งได้โบนัสเยอะ สามารถติดต่อสอบ ถามข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม และแจ้งปัญหา ที่ท่านพบ ได้ที่เว็บไซต์ของเรา Texasnemo.com พร้อมทีมงาน ที่คอยดูแลซัพพอร์ตท่าน
เว็บเกมสล็อต มาตรฐาน เว็บตรง pg-4 แตกหนัก เว็บใหญ่ มาแรง เล่นง่าย เข้าง่าย เข้ามาใช้ บริการและ ทำกำไรใน เกมสล็อต ของเราได้ แล้ววันนี้มาสร้างรายได้ เว็บสล็อต pg แตก ดี แน่นอน 100 ในเกมสล็อต ของเราได้ ตลอดเวลา เข้ามาเลือก เล่นสล็อตผ่าน เว็บโดยตรง ไม่ต้องเล่น ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ให้เสี่ยงโดน หลอกหรือโดน โกงมาให้เลือก เล่นผ่านมือถือทุกรุ่น เว็บสล็อตตรง แตกง่าย ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ แตกยาก แตกเร็ว จ่ายจริง มาใช้บริการ และทำกำไร ในเกมส์สล็อต ของเราอย่าง แน่นอน เราคัดมา เฉพาะเกม สล็อตpgเว็บตรง แตกง่าย สล็อต เล่นง่าย แตกง่าย ทุกเกม ไม่ว่าเกม
NICE BLOG
delhi escort,
Management accounting London
Cheap Replica Handbags You guide me by sharing this toolbox i face problem whenever i exploit this promotion reading your blog i am able to easily use. เว็บพักยก
It is very rare these days to find sites that provide info someone is looking for. I am glad to see that your blog share valued information that can help to many scaners. thank and keep writing! 꽁머니 사이트
Cool text dude, keep up the good work, just shared this with the mates 꽁머니
I had been honored to receive a call coming from a friend as he observed the important points shared in your site. Looking at your blog publication is a real great experience. Thank you for thinking of readers like me, and I desire for you the best of achievements for a professional surface area. resorts in cuba https://kkmtm.com
Cash for Catalytic Converter
I really like your writing style, good information, appreciate it for putting up : D. https://kkmtm.com
I’d need to talk with you here. Which isn’t something I usually do! I quite like reading a post that should get people to believe. Also, appreciate your permitting me to comment! app for mega888
Scrap Car Removal Near Me
ทั้งหมดนี้คือการรีวิว เว็บตรง pg-4 ผู้ออกแบบ และพัฒนาเกม ที่ นอกจากจะเล่นสนุก แล้วยังมีรูปแบบการเล่น ที่เรียบง่าย รางวัลออกบ่อย ไม่ว่าจะเป็นโบนัสหรือฟรีสปิน สำหรับใคร ที่อยากเสี่ยงโชคกับเกม สามารถเข้ามา สมัครสมาชิกได้ที่เว็บไซต์ของเรา Texasnemo แหล่งรวมค่ายเกม ชื่อดังที่เปิดให้บริการตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง Texasnemo เว็บไซต์ที่ ได้รวมเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ จากทุกค่ายเกมดัง มากกว่า 20 ค่ายดังไว้ในเว็บเดียว มาด้วยระบบการสมัครสมาชิก แบบอัตโนมัติ สมัครง่าย สมัครเร็ว ไม่ยุ่งยาก
I want to say thanks for beautiful blog sharing with us. Your blog really great resource to update my knowledge. check more info about sem
Totally awesome posting! Loads of valuable data and motivation, both of which we all need!Relay welcome your work. singapore Google Ads and ppc agency
Carpet Cleaning Auckland
Not often do I encounter a weblog that is both educated and entertaining, and let me tell you, you may have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is excellent; the issue is something that not sufficient individuals are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I stumbled across this in my quest for something relating to this. พักยก77
You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Great work. check this website of sem
i have some small garden of herbs at home, i use them for baking foods and as herbal medicines~ seed junky genetics seeds
Perfect work you have done, this site is really cool with good information. มวยพักยก77
There are some attention-grabbing points in time in this article but I dont know if I see all of them middle to heart. There may be some validity however I will take hold opinion till I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we wish extra! Added to FeedBurner as well SarkariResult
There is so much in this article that I would never have thought of on my own. Your content gives readers things to think about in an interesting way. Instagram reels Vs Stories
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. check here
rtp live sangat berpengaruh dalam permainan slot online terbaik pragmatic play hari ini
Extremely pleasant article, I appreciated perusing your post, exceptionally decent share, I need to twit this to my adherents. Much appreciated!. live rtp slot tergacor
ยูฟ่าเบท แทงบอล เว็บพนันบอลยอดนิยมอันดับ1 แทงบอลโลก 2022 สมัครสมาชิกรับเครดิตฟรี เพียงแอดไลน์ ยูฟ่าเบท
A topic close to my heart many thanks, i have been thinking about about this subject for some time. Please check our girls in the Gallery
شرکت اس پی یار (Spyaar) ارائه دهنده خدمات تعمیر لوازم خانگی با بالاترین کیفیت در زمینه تعمیر یخچال برند های معتبر سامسونگ، ال جی، بوش و … و در زمینه تعمیر لباسشویی با برند های هیتاچی و هایسنس و ایندوزیت و سایر برندهای معتبر در بازار بین المللی هست تعمیر لباسشویی
토토 I’m glad that you shared this helpful info with us.
토토 This is one of the best website I have seen in a long time thank you so much.
스포츠토토 This is a really interesting and informative content.
슬롯 Great post, beautiful weblog with great informational content.
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article… Irish Fake Drivers License
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post. Ceramic Coating Richmond BC
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. 핑카지노