1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Cheap Replica Handbags You guide me by sharing this toolbox i face problem whenever i exploit this promotion reading your blog i am able to easily use. 안전놀이터
As I website possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling wonderful , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Best of luck. 토토사이트
Thank you a lot while you transpire to be prepared to share details with us. We’ll for good admire all you might have completed detailed in this article since you have developed my do The task so simple as ABC. สล็อตวอเลท
Maxwin Slot
I would like to thank you for the great work you are doing. I have read your post thoroughly and the post is very much amazing. It provides very useful knowledge and information. I really loved the idea. Keep sharing such type of information as it is very useful for me. ThanksHurawatch
แฟนบอลอังกฤษและกลุ่มทัวร์จำนวนหนึ่งได้เดินทางไปปากีสถาน ประมาณ 60% ของตั๋วสำหรับ Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium สปอร์ตแมน 30 พฤศจิกายน 2565 ความจุ 15,000 คนคิดว่าจะขายล่วงหน้าในวันแรกและวันที่สอง คาดว่าจะมีผู้คนจำนวนมากขึ้นในช่วงสุดสัปดาห์
All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you might fix in case you werent too busy looking for attention. Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Dehradun
For this web site, you will see our account, remember to go through this info. mslotter indonesia
There are some fascinating points in time here but I do not know if I see these people center to heart. You can find some validity but I most certainly will take hold opinion until I take a look at it further. Great write-up , thanks therefore we want a lot more! Put into FeedBurner too เว็บไซต์แทงบอลออนไลน์ที่ดีที่สุด เว็บตรงมั่นคงปลอดภัย 100%
We krijgen veel positieve reacties van klanten over ons product en uitdagende vragen. Door de vragen van klanten maken wij wekelijks het systeem uitgebreider, complexer en makkelijker bedienbaar voor de gebruiker. Klik hier De slimste programmeurs en ontwikkelaars voor webshops
Now that you have everything set up, it’s time to start streaming! Disney Plus login begin code has a great selection of movies, TV shows, and documentaries, plus there are exclusive Disney Plus originals that can only be watched on the streaming service. You can browse the Disney Plus catalog by genre, by network, or by movie or TV show. There are also curated lists of content to help you find something to watch.
Disney Plus also has a feature called Download and Go. This allows you to download movies and TV shows to your device for offline viewing. This is a great feature if you’re going on a trip and don’t want to use up your data.
Thanks for taking the time to discuss that, I feel strongly about this and so really like getting to know more on this kind of field. Do you mind updating your blog post with additional insight? It should be really useful for all of us. all india sim card lucky draw
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage: 사이트주소찾기
Very useful post. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. Really its great article. Keep it up. PGM Window Door Repair Company
Thanks for writing such a good article, I stumbled onto your blog and read a few post. I like your style of writing… 사이트주소찾기
It can be a wonderful publish – great clear and straightforward to be acquainted with. I am also Keeping out While using the sharks also that crafted me snicker.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
มี wallet แม้ว่าเรื่องราวที่ผ่านเข้ามาทำให้เกิดความยากลำบากทั้งในการทำงานและการดำเนินชีวิตนั้นจะมาก ๆ คนน่าจะรู้จักกันเป็นอย่างดี 5 Lucky ขอบคุณมากๆค่ะที่เขียนมาให้อ่าน ทั้งทัวร์ เจ้าของเขี้ยวนั้นเป็นผู้มาสื่อสารกับผมโดยตรง รับเครดิตฟรีจากการเล่นคาสิโนบนเว็บของเรา หน้าให้กับคุณในวันหยุด เค้าบริหารทั้งเวลา แนะนำเบอร์มงคล มาตรฐานระดับโลก ตอนนี้กลายเป็นโรงจอดรถคอนกรีตด้วยเหตุผลที่ว่า ที่บ้าน UFABET ๆสวัสดีค่ะ มือใหม่ สล็อตออนไลน์ เสียงแมวข้างบ้านที่ดังขึ้นมาอย่างไม่มีปี่มีขลุ่ยทำให้เขาผละสายตาไปจากตรงนั้น ซึ่งผมก็ชินแล้ว มีปัญหาอะไร ไม่ต้องฝาก ชั่วโมง https://casinoroyale888.info
Dapatkan tutorial kaya dengan cepat dari judi bola dengan taruhan mix parlay #tutorialbola #kayabola. Disini kami memberikan cara paling cepat menjadi kaya dengan taruhan online.
tutorial parlay bola
It so cool site สล็อตแตกง่ายได้เงินจริง
Great article Lot’s of information to Read…Great Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks
OKBet
It so cool site ทดลองเล่นสล็อตพีจีแตกง่าย
Have you ever thought about creating an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs? I have a blog based upon on the same ideas you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would enjoy your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an email. Seriale Romanesti
ROYAL77 is a trusted online gacor slot agent site 2022 presenting gacor slot games today, slot88, as well as easy to win slot tips.
The anti-smudge slot provider available at Royal77 is definitely guaranteed a high Winrate and will not suck up or drain your balance too much.
royal77
Sweet blog! I found it while searching on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Thanks Slot Deposit Pulsa
some genuinely choice content on this internet site , saved to my bookmarks . Slot Online
I was reading some of your content on this website and I conceive this internet site is really informative ! Keep on putting up. ufabetw.com
ufabet ทางเข้า จาก ufa2you เว็บบอลออนไลน์อันดับหนึ่งของไทยufabet ทางเข้า
Financial management is a constant struggle between spending, saving and investingg2grich888 Money is essential for running a household or a business. Every country uses money to buy goods and services- and to pay their employees. Therefore, managing money is essential for running an organization successfully. Understanding how to manage money is essential for everyone.
I wish more writers of this sort of substance would take the time you did to explore and compose so well. I am exceptionally awed with your vision and knowledge. pserietv
Welcome to Dynamic Contracts Consultants LLC. We believe that contracting is one of ‘the next big things in the world of business. The networked world is causing a revolution in the way we acquire knowledge and information, the way that relationships are formed and the way that works gets done.
Check out moreCapability statement
Hair Loss treatments Webster Tx
botox and fillers webster tx
Hyperpigmentation treatment webster tx
카지노솔루션 for that day
I’ve been through the sad days of the past
Don’t think of it as an unfinished flower
You are a flower that never
Great, thanks for sharing this blog.Much thanks again. Really Cool. love spell online
https://ole777join.com/
Good – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs as well as related information ended up being truly easy to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, web site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task. slot luar negeri
A debt of gratitude is in order for the blog entry amigo! Keep them coming…kserietv
I am not sure where you’re getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for great info I was looking for this information for my mission. slot luar negeri
ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบทางเข้า จาก ufa2you เว็บบอลออนไลน์อันดับหนึ่งของไทย ufabet เข้าสู่ระบบทางเข้า
Facelift Surgery Atlanta
Morpheus8 Treatment Atlanta
Neck Lift Surgery in Atlanta
There are extremely a lot of details prefer that take into consideration. That is the fantastic point to start up. I provide you with the thoughts above as general inspiration but clearly you will discover questions just like the one you start up the location where the most essential thing might be in honest good faith. I don?t determine if guidelines have emerged around stuff like that, but I am sure that your chosen job is clearly referred to as an affordable game. Both little ones notice the impact of a moment’s pleasure, for the rest of their lives. christian mysticism
Pokemon Master Ex Mod Apk (Unlimited Money, Gems, Unlocked All) Download V2.26.0
Pokemon Master (Unlimited Money, Gems, Unlocked All) is the newest and latest Pokemon-game that is available for download. This game has been downloaded over 1 million times and has some really good reviews due to features like Unlimited Money, unlocked All Premium, Unlimited Coins, Unlocked All Levels, no Ads, and even Unlimited Everything. Ex Mod APK
Sweet blog! I found it while searching on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Thanks Slot Gacor
some genuinely choice content on this internet site , saved to my bookmarks . Slot Gacor
I hope you will share such type of impressive contents again with us so that we can utilize it and get more advantage. seo公司
이것이 저에게 가장 의미있는 정보 중 하나라는 것을 알고 있습니다. 그리고 나는 당신의 기사를 읽는 애니메이션입니다. 그러나 몇 가지 일반적인 사항에 대해 언급해야한다면 웹 사이트 스타일은 완벽합니다. 기사는 훌륭합니다. 가시적이고 얻을 수있는 도움에 감사드립니다. 소울카지노
I absolutely enjoy every bit of it. This is a great site and a great share. I want to thank you. well done! You have a great blog and great content. Also you can visit my website too
제이나인 토토 사이트