1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
This article gives the light in which we can observe reality. This is a very nice one and gives in-depth information. Thanks for this nice article.
Ghost Hunter Captures in California.
Is that person invariably the winner? what is more, that equivalent happens as a result of the black being king may be a one who plays and wins because of the ruler of the king of the black being. In fact, things are that the king of the black entity however betting on the person and his skills will be the king of the Black satta.
รายงานการแข่งขันเมื่อโคดี้ กัคโปและเดวี่ คลาสเซนทำประตูช่วงท้ายให้เนเธอร์แลนด์เอาชนะเซเนกัลในกลุ่ม A สปอร์ตแมน 21 พฤศจิกายน 2565 ที่สนามอัล ธุมามา เอกวาดอร์เอาชนะเจ้าภาพกาตาร์ 2-0 ในเกมอื่นของกลุ่ม A ในคืนเปิดสนามฟุตบอลโลก 2022
Black satta, This web site wherever you’ll be able to play the sport. you want to choose a Stage and a Random variety when selecting a stage, follow the consultants and find out how to play the black Satta king. It’s like every alternative game; it is important to understand a way to opt for the correct numbers.
Very informative post! There is a lot of information here that can help any business get started with a successful social networking campaign.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
lentor hill residences Lentor Hill Residences is located in a locale with a mixture of private condominiums and landed housing. It will offer a mixture of tall, mid-rise and low-rise residential options, along with new amenities like retail options and a supermarket. The condo is within walking distance to Lentor MRT station
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. Nepali Blog
Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue, so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.It ‘s really very nice and Useful post.Thanks digitfeast.com
lift detox caps
the botany condo The Botany at Dairy Farm is designed to mimic the experience of walking in the woods, that helps to keep your body healthy and well-balanced. Next door to The Botany at Dairy Farm, you will find Dairy Farm Residences, the first mixed-development with a two-level retail podium spanning the basement and ground level. Providing a wide array of food and lifestyle offerings, whether to pick up fresh produce at the supermarket, having a good meal at the restaurants or leaving your little ones at the childcare professionals, all without leaving the vicinity of your home
tea burn
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. 英文補習
รีวิวเกมสล็อต Book of Ra Deluxe คุณสามารถลองเล่นได้ที่ค่ายเกมสล็อต XOได้ฟรี ซึ่งเกมนี้เป็นสล็อตแบบ 5 รีล 10 เพย์ไลน์ และภายในเกมได้รวบรวมสัญลักษณ์กระจายเพื่อรับฟรีสปินสิบครั้ง โดยที่ บุ๊ค อ๊อฟ รา จะเลือกสัญลักษณ์แบบสุ่ม ดูมันขยายวงล้อ ทำให้คุณชนะเป็นพิเศษ Texaslucky โอกาสรวยเงินล้านแตกบ่อยทุกวัน เข้าสู่ระบบ Book of Ra Deluxe สารบัญ สัญลักษณ์และอัตราการจ่ายเงิน Book of Ra Deluxe ฟีเจอร์พิเศษของเกมสล็อต Book of Ra Deluxe สัญลักษณ์ในเกม Book of Ra Deluxe สรุป สัญลักษณ์และอัตราการจ่ายเงิน Book of Ra Deluxe สัญลักษณ์ในเกม Book of Ra Deluxe สรุป ทางเว็บไซต์ Book of
Thats great! now enjoy our easy to play and earn. We have many promos and rewards that we give to you.
Come and Lets play.
제이나인 먹튀 없는 사이트
제이나인 사설 먹튀 검증
제이나인 검증 카지노
제이나인 마닐라 카지노
제이나인 사설 카지노
https://www.j9korea.com
I use only high quality materials – you can see them at: The Botany at Dairy Farm Brochure
Mmm.. estimable to be here in your report or notify, whatever, I repute I should moreover process strong for my have website want I play some salubrious further updated busy in your location. The Botany at Dairy Farm Brochure
Thanks for a marvelous posting! I truly enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author. I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will eventually come back down the road. I want to encourage you to continue your great writing, have a nice weekend
Delhi Escort
Great article what we are looking for, so we are สล็อตเว็บใหญ่ in 2022. Thank you very much for your visit.
Many thanks to you for your time of posted, สล็อตวอเลท are our site that please be invited to join us.
Appreciated for your post, thanks for your time เว็บพนันออนไลน์ที่ยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุดในยุคนี้. Hope to see great ariticle from you next time.
ซุปเปอร์สล็อต the reputation that we have accumulated, everyone knows very well that we are the most profitable website that can definitely receive money because we are an online game format that is not difficult to play and can make full profits. and is the most modern and quality game
Great Games Play Right Here Click The Link Bos188 Slot
Main Bersama Agen Terbaik Deposit Pulsa Tanpa Potongan Juragan 99 Slot
Daftar Gratis Main Games Online Lewat Bandar Resmi Dapatkan Fasilitas Taruhan lengkap Di Juragan99 Slot
Klik Daftar Agen Terbaik Gaspol138 Login
Login Dan Mainkan Games Gacor Bet188 Login
Bonus Dan Promo Menarik Bet88online
It’s the same topic , but I was quite surprised to see the opinions I didn’t think of. My blog also has articles on these topics, so I look forward to your visit. majorsite
I randomly browse blogs on the web, and that i discover your article to be very informational. I even have already bookmark it on my browser, so as that I can view your blog publish another time later. Additionally, i am wondering whether or not your weblog is open for link exchange, as i really wish to trade links with you. I do not normally do that, but I hope that we will have a mutual hyperlink exchange. Let me understand and have an ideal day! laundry chute spring
Merely wanna admit that this is very useful , Thanks for taking your time to write this. side hinged closer
In the late October Dakar International Forum on Peace and Security 온라인카지노
บาคาร่าออนไลน์ เว็บบาคาร่ายอดฮิต ทางเข้าบาคาร่ามือถือ สมัครเว็บตรงบาคาร่า บาคาร่าสด เว็บบาคาร่า สมัครบาคาร่า.
บาคาร่าออนไลน์
This is a good post. This post gives truly quality information. I’m definitely going to look into it. Really very useful tips are provided here. Thank you so much. Keep up the good works출장마사지
Agen Bola
Judi Bola 123
Slot Gacor 22
Pragmatic Gacor 000
Thanks for sharing this wnderful post eros fitness
It is somewhat fantastic, and yet check out the advice at this treat.
Best Vegan Food Restaurants in Cardiff
CNC Router Machine
The types of CNC routers depend on their applications and axes features. One of the most common types is based on application features, including types of hobby CNC kits (mini types, small types, portable types, desktop types, benchtop types, tabletop types), and types of large industrial CNC kits (CNC wood routers, CNC metal routers, CNC stone routers, CNC foam routers, CNC plastic routers, CNC aluminum routers, CNC glass routers).
2022 Latest 1325 Wood CNC Machine 4×8
These CNC routers come in table dimensions of 4’×4’, 4’×8’, or custom dimensions for your specific application. Aluminum T-Slot, vacuum, and combination T-Slot/Vacuum surfaces are available at no extra cost. Automatic tool changers are also available to decrease setup time and increase production for complicated jobs.
Laser rust removal machine
Our Portable Handheld Fiber Laser 50W 100W 200W 500W 1000W 2000W ,Igolden Laser Cleaning Machine Rust Oil Removal Machine has unique and advanced functions, which can replace traditional products and win greater economic benefits for the company. Until now our products are now moving on fast and very popular all over the world.
The stone router machine can complete functions of engraving, carving, cutting, milling, and polishing of granite, quartz, marble, tombstone, ceramic tiles, and other artificial stones. Therefore, we also call it marble CNC router, marble carving machine, granite CNC router, CNC granite cutting machine for sale, quartz stone machine, etc. Our stone CNC machine for sale includes 3 axis stone router, 4 axis stone CNC engraving machine, and 5 axis stone CNC machine. In addition, machine specifications of the CNC router machine for stone can be customized to meet your specific processing requirements and demands.
บาคาร่าออนไลน์ เว็บบาคาร่ายอดฮิต ทางเข้าบาคาร่ามือถือ สมัครเว็บตรงบาคาร่า บาคาร่าสด เว็บบาคาร่า สมัครบาคาร่า.
สมัครบาคาร่า
Togel
Togel Online
Togel Singapore
Togel Hongkong
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. online dating site in Jacksonville read
VPS Hosting Provider Company