1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Sexy call girls in Karachi are incredibly attractive. They’re well educated and well-groomed, and offer high quality services at a reasonable price. These women range in age from young teenagers to women who are married. Whatever your age, you’ll have an unforgettable night with a sexy Karachi Escorts
dude this just inspired a post of my own, thanks ZHEXCHEATS
ข่าวบอลออนไลน์
ข่าวบอลออนไลน์ บอลโลก ข่าวกีฬาฟุตบอล โปรแกรมบอลโลก ข่าวสารที่เชื่อได้จากแหล่งข่าวที่มีตัวตนจากแหล่งข่าวต่างประเทศให้คุณไม่ตกข่าวสักข่าวเดียว
I think this is one of the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The web site style is perfect, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers 羅氏鮮
There are incredibly plenty of details that way to take into consideration. It really is a excellent examine talk about. I provide thoughts above as general inspiration but clearly you’ll find questions like the one you start up the place that the most essential factor will likely be getting work done in honest excellent faith. I don?t determine if guidelines have emerged around stuff like that, but I am certain your job is clearly labeled as an affordable game. Both children notice the impact of simply a moment’s pleasure, for the rest of their lives. slot online
That is the excellent mindset, nonetheless is just not help to make every sence whatsoever preaching about that mather. Virtually any method many thanks in addition to i had endeavor to promote your own article in to delicius nevertheless it is apparently a dilemma using your information sites can you please recheck the idea. thanks once more. https://www.slimmingtw.com/
Does the [i]viagra commercial saturday night live[/i] wipeabide you the filamentous respiratorya as the percs. Scrap Car Removal Surrey
Forensic Investigations and Consulting Service (FICS) is an ISO 9001-2015-certified Forensic Investigative and Service Agency backed by a solid technological background and extensive experience in Forensic areas. For more details, visit: https://forensicservicesindia.com/
Can I just say that of a relief to locate someone who actually knows what theyre preaching about online. You definitely learn how to bring a problem to light and work out it important. The best way to ought to ought to see this and appreciate this side from the story. I cant believe youre less well-liked as you certainly possess the gift. http://www.pinterest.com
It’s just the same information I’m finding everywhere. Your blog is great, I just subscribed. Thanks for sharing. This is a nice blog. PPC Agency Cardiff
Compared to its rivals, this website performs far better. I want to thank you for granting me access to such a lovely and helpful website.
Jaipur Escort
Your posts are really good and informative keep sharing such good content.
10 Marla Plots for Sale in Lahore
You produce beautiful content for us and publish it online. I can provide my friends the URL to your website. Please express your thoughts, sir.
Cochin Escort Service
소액결제현금화 한결상품권은 믿을 수 있는 소액결제 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.
We consider their website to be both popular and effective. I want to create a website as well. Additionally, I liked reading your blog post.
Gurgaon Escorts Service
I loved your article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool. buy instagram views
There a few intriguing points with time in this post but I don’t know if all of them center to heart. There exists some validity but I will take hold opinion until I take a look at it further. Excellent write-up , thanks and that we want a lot more! Added onto FeedBurner likewise Scrap Car Removal Surrey
Are you looking for tips on how to sell a car, and what the best channels are that match? ✅ free knowledge platform & TIPS
https://www.autoverkopen24.be/
When a blind man bears the standard pity those who follow…. Where ignorance is bliss ‘tis folly to be wise…. SEO agencies in Sheffield
What are you stating, man? I realize everyones got their own view, but really? Listen, your web site is neat. I like the energy you put into it, especially with the vids and the pics. But, come on. Theres gotta be a better way to say this, a way that doesnt make it seem like everyone here is stupid! http://www.pinterest.com
Awesome article, it was exceptionally helpful! I simply began in this and I’m becoming more acquainted with it better! Cheers, keep doing awesome! https://businesslslifese03.mystrikingly.com/blog/birthday-cake-shop
Powergenx is the best online platform to buy supplements for your body and health maintenance. All supplements are available on the PowerGenix online store for health & fitness. Know more:
whey protien
HOT GAME HIT GAME
โหลดเกม
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. nearest birthday cake
blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated! 안전토토사이트
Very interesting. I have never heard of it. I am very pleased to find this web-site. Thanks for sharing. 먹튀검증업체
Every weekend i used to pay a visit this site, as i want enjoyment, since this this web site conations really nice funny stuff too. 토토검증사이트
Appreciation to my father who shared with me regarding this webpage, this web site is really awesome. 토토사이트검증
I was reading some of your content on this website and I conceive this internet site is really informative ! Keep on putting up. Trendiest sets of kurta
bless you with regard to the particular blog post ive really been looking with regard to this kind of advice on the net for sum time these days hence with thanks slot88
I would like to say that this blog really convinced me to do it! Thanks, very good post. 먹튀없는 사이트
I needed to thank you for this phenomenal read!! I unquestionably adored each and every piece of it. I have you bookmarked your site to look at the new stuff you post. Wooden Toys
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. fastloanspd.com – quick payday loan in USA
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more information? It is extremely helpful for me. Cialis
Definitely believe that which you said. Your favourite reason seemed to be on the internet the simplest factor to consider of. I say to you, I definitely get irked at the same time as other people think about issues that they just don’t recognise about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top well defined out the entire thing without having side effect , other folks could take a signal. Will probably be again to get more. Thank you! group buy seo tools
That is how to end worrying too much as that relates to Alpilean. That was a refreshing alternative. You should use This supplement is made with 100% natural and safe plant-based alpine ingredients. to be less common. It actually brings it home yet you can redeem it at your local A natural store. And unique weight loss formulation is my long lost love. Indubitably, what’s good touching on Alpilean offers long-term benefits of sustainable weight loss.? I believe that is one of the longest posts I’ve ever written. It will be the contribution of Alpilean as that business continues to shrink.
Alpilean
it is extremely important and laveryday that i’ve the possibility to peer some thing like this Driving Lessons in Regina
.
I and also my buddies were found to be reviewing the excellent tips and tricks on your site and so suddenly I got an awful suspicion I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those tips. All the young boys were as a consequence excited to study all of them and have absolutely been taking advantage of them. We appreciate you getting so helpful and then for figuring out these kinds of ideal subject matter millions of individuals are really eager to discover. Our own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner. group buy seo tools
I am continually amazed by the amount of information available on this subject. What you presented was well researched and well worded in order to get your stand on this across to all your readers. 犀利士
Great post, you have pointed out some excellent points, I as well believe this is a very superb website. 犀利士
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with extra information? It is extremely helpful for me. 먹튀검증사이트
A very Greatfull and an informative article. I really like your article and added to bookmark website list and will be checking back in future.. Imlie
Imlie
It is a safe web slot.slotpg 1บาท
EU vape shop
Buy Vape Pens Online | THC Vape Oil Europe – EU Vape Shop
Thank you for such a well written article. It’s full of insightful information and entertaining descriptions. Your point of view is the best among many.
codeine phosphate UK
“Beautiful Post. I was checking this blog regularly and I love it! Very useful information especially the last part, I really like this information. I was looking for this information for a long time. Thanks and good luck.
Geometry Homework Help“
Fabulous post, you have denoted out some fantastic points, I likewise think this s a very wonderful website. I will visit again for more quality contents and also, recommend this site to all. Thanks. Bridesmaid Jumpsuits
prediksi togel
Prediksi Alexistogel Resmi menyajikan prediksi togel online, keluaran togel, data togel hari ini seperti togel hk, togel sgp, togel sydney, totomacau jitu
I think this is among the most significant in fo for me.
thanks giving gift
I am so grateful for your article post. Thanks Again. Cool.
thanks giving gift