1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
So it is interesting and very good written and see what they think about other people. https://www.facebook.com/Adrenaline-Fundraising-314311361467/
I have a similar interest this is my page read everything carefully and let me know what you think. Adrenaline Fundraising
Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We’ve ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Wonderful. I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort. poker99
Very good topic, similar texts are I do not know if they are as good as your work out. Adrenaline Fundraising
https://slot-olympus.net/
Selamat Datang di SLOT OLYMPUS !! Sebagai situs judi slot terbaik dan terpercaya no 1. Rekomendasi kumpulan slot gacor maxwin rtp slot tertinggi. SlotOlympus merupakan situs slot deposit pulsa online terbaik di Indonesia. Kami bisa menjamin jika semua provider slot online yang tersedia adalah merupakan provider slot online yang terbaik Asia dan telah memiliki nama besar di level Internasional..
After study some of the websites with your internet site now, i really as if your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Pls look at my site likewise and figure out what you believe. dofollow
After study some of the websites with your internet site now, i really as if your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Pls look at my site likewise and figure out what you believedofollow
This is very significant, and yet necessary towards just click this unique backlink: 먹튀검증천사
Jeden Tag stellt man sich die Frage Was Koche Ich Heute?! Zerbrechen Sie sich nicht den Kopf, besuchen Sie uns am besten direkt auf unserer Webseite uns lassen Sie sich inspirieren agenslot78
Great content material and great layout. Your website deserves all of the positive feedback it’s been getting. https://www.shafaf.ir/fa/news/502699/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C
This is very interesting content! I have thoroughly enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great. 먹튀검증천사
YOKIDOLL ラブドール 通販，ダッチワイフはいつも最も安い価格、ラブドール最も良い品質で市場に製品を提供しています。今からすべての性的欲求を満たし、私たちのウェブサイトにアクセスして手頃な価格で、最新の人気リアルドール販売，可愛くてセクシーリアルラブドールを日本で購入しましょう。
Lava789
Thanks for your insight for the great posting. I am glad I have taken the time to see this. guest post
Although, regardless how positive you actually are in treating an actual platform, at some point there are an incident wherever you should want to do some people regular supervision; and in addition dependant on your real age and in addition wellbeing, and so the body-weight using the caravan it’s really a totally hard do physical exercise. caravan touch up paint Fox News Live Stream
There is noticeably big money to understand about this. I assume you made certain nice points in features also. 토토천사
For many people this is the best solution here see how to do it. 먹튀검증천사
I’m glad I found this web site, I couldn’t find any knowledge on this matter prior to.Also operate a site and if you are ever interested in doing some visitor writing for me if possible feel free to let me know, im always look for people to check out my web site. North American Bancard Agent Program
first aid kits… thank you for the informative information you have here!… Fox News Live Stream Free – Watch Fox News Live
You should consider starting an email list. It would take your site to its potential. https://livenewsof.com/fox-news-live-stream/
میدونی چطوری درآمد دلاری داشته باشی؟
سایت شرط بندی فوتبال
我们为数万华人留学生提供各类课程的网课代上,网课代考, Assignment代写、Essay代写作业代写、论文代写、各类Exam代考远程协助；金融级SSL隐私保护、精湛的质量贴心的服务成就不一样的你！企业级专席客服7*24在线咨询微信/QQ5757940. 网课代考
Nice post. I learn something harder on diverse blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to learn to read content off their writers and use something at their store. I’d opt to apply certain while using the content in my small blog no matter whether you don’t mind. Natually I’ll offer you a link for your internet weblog. Appreciate your sharing. 토토천사
BIOPLS SLIM PRO
Photos available on your site even though producing attention rapidly some quantity submits. คาสิโนออนไลน์
দীপাবলির শুভেচ্ছা ছবি
This article was written by a real thinking writer without a doubt. I agree many of the with the solid points made by the writer. I’ll be back day in and day for further new updates. slot88
This is a brilliant blog! I’m very happy with the comments!.. Bestseller
Looking forward to reading more. Great blog. digital agency indonesia
สำหรับท่านที่อยากจะเข้ามาพิสูจน์ความจริงที่ว่าระบบฝาก-ถอน ของทางเรารวดเร็ว และปลอดภัยจริงเพียงแค่ สมัครสมาชิก barbkat เข้ามาเติมเงินเท่าไหร่ก็ได้ถูกที่สุด รับรองว่าท่านจะไม่ผิดหวังอย่างแน่นอน รวมถึงยังมีโบนัส และโปรโมชั่นสุดคุ้มที่รอต้อนรับสมาชิกใหม่อยู่ทุกวันคุ้มค่ากว่านี้ไม่มีอีกแล้ว
Super-Duper site! I am Loving it!! Will come back again, Im taking your feed also, Thanks. IPTV for firestick
Thanks for the great blog. It was quite helpful for me. I am content I discovered this blog site. Thanks for sharing with us,I as well always understand a thing new out of your publish.
“บา คา ร่า วอ เลท“”
This is helpful, nonetheless it can be crucial so that you can check out the following website: 먹튀검증천사
Thanks foe sharing such an amazing guide. It’s really helpful and keep writing informative content.
digital marketing indonesia
These you will then see the most important thing, the application provides you a website a powerful important internet page: 먹튀검증천사
เว็บที่เหมาะเเก่การลงทุน vovanthuong เป็นอีกหนึ่งการลงทุนที่ตอบโจทย์ ให้กับคุณด้วย เป็นอย่างมากเลยก็ว่าได้สำหรับการเล่น คาสิโนออนไลน์ ufabet ผ่านเว็บ Ufa ของเรานั่นได้มีเกมมากกว่า 1000เกม ให้คุณได้เลือกลงทุน เพราะว่าไม่ใช่ทุกคนที่ เปิดโอกาสตรงจุดนี้ ในการรับแทงบอลได้อย่างไม่อั้น เดิมพันไม่มีขั้นต่ำ และพร้อมที่จะทุ่มเทให้กับคุณได้อย่างเต็มที่ที่สุดอีกด้วย ยูฟ่าเบท เพราะเราคือผู้นำด้าน คาสิโนออนไลน์ ที่มาพร้อม บาคาร่าออนไลน์ สล็อตออนไลน์ รูเล็ต เสือมังกร ไฮโลออนไลน์ เเละอีกมากมาย ส่งตรงจากค่ายดังทั้ง SAGaming , Sexygaming , PrettyGaming , AllBet , EBet , AsiaGaming , DreamGaming ให้ท่านเล่นกับดีลเลอร์สาวสวย เห็นการแจก เห็นหน้าไพ่ ดูการทอยลูกเต๋ากันแบบเรียลไทม์ ให้ท่านมั่นใจในความโปร่งใสมั่นใจได้ 100% มาพร้อมกับระบบ ฝาก ถอน ออโต้ภายใน 10วิ ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง คอมมิชชั่น 0.7% ของทุกยอดเดิมพัน
puradrop
pura drop
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I. Check out more Audi Prices Egypt
Check out our latest blog aboutdubai airport car with driver
Welcome to the party of my life here you will learn everything about me. 먹튀검증천사
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage: 먹튀검증천사
It’s too bad to check your article late. I wonder what it would be if we met a little faster. I want to exchange a little more, but please visit my site bitcoincasino
and leave a message!!
From some point on, I am preparing to build my site while browsing various sites. It is now somewhat completed. If you are interested, please come to play with bitcoincasino !!
ss
Your writing is perfect and complete. baccaratsite However, I think it will be more wonderful if your post includes additional topics that I am thinking of. I have a lot of posts on my site similar to your topic. Would you like to visit once?
ss
vfxAlert application is the best instrument for the binary options trading. In one window together with platform the trader will find the full-range of analytical instruments: direct binary signals, online-charts, trend indicator, market news and signals history.
free options signals
Good to browse your post! I’m hunting forward to sharing your adventures and activities.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Great things you’ve always shared with us. Just keep writing this kind of posts.The time which was wasted in traveling for tuition now it can be used for studies.Thanks
getbetterback.io/
It’s Good blog, I very love that so much !!
getbetterback.io/
Appreciate you sharing, great post.Really thank you! Really Cool. instagram cheap panel