1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
فولورز عرب هو الموقع الأفضل لشراء اعجابات انستقرام حقيقية 100% ومن جميع انحاء العالم امنة وسريعة. مع خبرة 5 سنوات في التسويق الألكتروني شراء لايكات انستقرام
led sell in discount offer upto 40% check and buy compete with the price of any other website with our price b156htn03 8
led sell in discount offer upto 40% check and buy compete with the price of any other website with our price nt116whm n21
Will you care and attention essentially write-up most of the following in my webpage in essence your website mention of this blog? qqdewa
My First Look at Lightning 토토커뮤니티 on Hollywoodbets
WINNING AT CASINO 메이저안전놀이터
Searching for a professional for your assignment help online in UAE then we are just a click away, visit our assignment help UAE website and get the best help for your assignment writing at a very affordable cost.
A very awesome blog post. We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up 英文補習推薦
강남남자보도, 강남어게인, 강남호스트바, 강남수요비,강남시카고, 강남정빠, 최저주대, 강남가라오케, 최상의 선수퀄리티 강남어게인
hello!,I really like your writing so a lot! percentage we keep up a correspondence extra about your article on AOL? I require an expert on this area to unravel my problem. Maybe that’s you! Taking a look ahead to look you. sports news
Ativador Office 2019
i would love to have some debt consolidation and have financial freedom in the years to come` pro max
Nice blog! Thanks for the information. Indore Escorts
Sound Forge Pro 2018 Crackeado
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all of us you really recognize what you’re talking approximately! Bookmarked. Please also talk over with my site =). We may have a link alternate contract between us! can’t share Post to Story Instagram 2022
Adobe illustrator Crackeado
Permainan sicbo online di adopsi dari permainan judi dadu. Karena cara bermain sicbo sama dengan bermain judi dadu baik secara online maupun dengan cara tradisional, para bettor akan menebak 3 buah angka dadu yang di lontarkan dealer dengan cara live streaming. Para bettor dapat menebak angka dadu yang akan keluar sebelum dealer melontarkan 3 buah dadu. Pada situs sicbo online 389SPORTS ada beberapa pilihan menarik untuk pemasangan permainan judi dadu sicbo online atau dadu koprok online. para bettor bisa bermain taruhan dengan bet kecil ataupun besar. Baik itu angka ganjil maupun angka genap. Anda juga dapat memasang taruhan tebak angka, tebak akumulasi nilai dadu, memasang angka kembar hingga angka kombinasi dadu. Sicbo online
강남 선릉 사라잇네테라피 감성 힙바디스웨디시 원조 010-5630-8154 1인샵, 스웨디시, 서혜부관리,슈얼마사지,로미로미 차별화된 마사지 비교불가 선릉스웨디시
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish. nonetheless, you command get got an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again as exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this hike. สมัครสมาชิกเว็บแทงบอลออนไลน์
It is higher to say nothing and be thought a idiot than to open your mouth and take away all doubt. – Abraham Lincoln สมัครสมาชิกเว็บแทงบอลออนไลน์
Avast Premier 2019 Crackeado
We provide the greatest calibre roofing in Scotland, and we are only a phone call away. We also provide an all transparent roofing option.
Website:
https://www.safewayroofing.co.uk/
PEAKERR provides Best SMM Panels Services & Cheap SMM Panel Services In The World. For Youtube Views Panel, TikTok Services Panel, Facebook Services Panel, Instagram Services Panel, And Many More, We Are Providing All Services At Cheap Rates For Reseller SMM Panels. Resell Our SMM Services And Make Money Online. We Have Many Free SMM Panel Services & Give You Some Test Funds For Check Our Services Quality. We Always Try to Provide High-Quality Services At a Cheap Rate. cheapest smm panel
Major thankies for the article post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great. acim
Avg Internet Security 2019 Serial
RTP Live situs Tangandewa menyediakan info bocoran RTP slot online Pragmatic Play, Habanero, PG soft terlengkap dan terupdate. Daftar sekarang juga! rtp slot
Avg Secure VPN Serial
I was suggested this website by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my difficulty. You are amazing! Thanks! สมัครแทงบอลออนไลน์
Thank you very much for keep this information. Slot Online
I read that Post and got it fine and informative. Slot Online
ghe
When your website or blog goes live for the first time, it is exciting. That is until you realize no one but you and your. 속초쓰리노
I wish more authors of this type of content would take the time you did to research and write so well. I am very impressed with your vision and insight. electrician coto de caza
I just couldn’t leave your website before telling you that I truly enjoyed the top quality info you present to your visitors? Will be back again frequently to check up on new posts. Slot Online
What a excellent viewpoint, nonetheless is just not produce every sence by any means discussing this mather. Just about any technique thanks and also i had try and discuss your post directly into delicius but it surely appears to be an issue in your blogging is it possible you should recheck this. thank you just as before. ufabet เว็บตรงทางเข้า
There are many cool article!!! slot online gacor
Wondershare Filmora 9 Crackeado
Resin driveways, block paved driveways, tarmac driveways, and elevated patios, line marking are all areas of expertise for Safeway Driveway Services. We have been offering our services in all main locations of London, including Chelsea, Canary Wharf, Putney, Finchley, Richmond, Hounslow, Chertsey, Escorts, Virginia Water, and Lambeth. We have a skilled team capable of handling any project, and all work is completed to the highest standards possible and is backed by an installation guarantee. When you search Driveway Companies Near Me, we are the first result.
WEBSITE:
https://safewaydriveways.com/
funciona com versões
I love carnation beauty product. I was facing acne issue from the past 4 years. i have used their products and they have amazing result on my skin. Carnation Beauty Store
Adobe Acrobat Pro Dc Crackeado
Lumion Crackeado
This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work Slot Online
Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR)
(Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR) merupakan universitas tertua ketiga yang disahkan oleh presiden Republik Indonesia IR Soekarno , terletak di kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, berdiri sejak tanggal 10 November 1954 dan bertepatan dengan hari pahlawan yang ke-9. Badasarkan Peringkat dari QS World University Rangking 2021, Universitas Airlangga manduduki paringkat ke empat sabagai perguruan tinggi paling unggulan di negara republik Indonesia.)
IObit Driver Booster Crackeado
Adobe Animate Crackeado
389Sports sebagai agen SBOBET resmi, selalu memberikan Kepercayaan dan kenyamanan bagi para member. Dengan dukungan tim pengembang dan Customer Service professional, Situs judi bola SBOBET mobile hadir dengan komitmen kepercayaan serta pelayanan sepenuh hati. Sebagai Situs login sbobet resmi dan terpercaya tentu saja 389Sports memiliki koleksi permainan atau games terlengkap. 389Sports juga menyediakan permainan SBOBET Mobile dan judi bola online yang bisa dimainkan langsung cukup dengan mendaftar juliaherli32@gmail.com
An impressive share, I just now given this onto a colleague who had previously been doing a small analysis with this. Anf the husband in reality bought me breakfast simply because I found it for him.. smile. So i want to reword that: Thnx with the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending some time to talk about this, Personally i think strongly about it and really like reading much more about this topic. If possible, as you become expertise, can you mind updating your blog post with additional details? It really is highly ideal for me. Massive thumb up for this writing! xyz webtoon
The post is written in very a good manner and it contains many useful information for me. boom gluta shots
Glad to be one of the visitors on this awe inspiring web site : D. Tifa real doll
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. Kitchen Appliances