1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Great work✅ This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. I also have some information related to on my website pp slot
Believe you can and you’re halfway there.ดูบอลสดวันนี้
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project เครดิตฟรี 100
This is a great article and great read for me✅. It’s my first visit to your blog บาคาร่า sagame 66
✅ Excellent information providing by your Article thank you for taking the time to share with us such a nice article. pragmatic play
These very small facts are produced using wide range of qualifications✅ I favor the idea such a good deal. This specific seems to be definitely excellent ทดลองเล่นสล็อต jili
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon! เล่นสล็อต
These are some great tools that i definitely use for SEO work. This is a great list to use in the future.. how to sell credit card processing
การเล่นสล็อต https://www.texaszaza.com/wmbet444/ หรือเกมคาสิโนกับทางผู้ให้บริการ บอกเลยว่า ง่ายมาก เพียงแค่คุณสมัคร
สมาชิก สามารถทำได้ 2 ช่องทาง คือ สมัครผ่านระบบอัตโนมัติหน้าเว็บไซต์และสมัครผ่านไลน์ ทั้ง 2 ช่องทาง
สล็อตออนไลน์มือถือ https://www.texaszaza.com/hotgraph88/ เล่นสล็อตออนไลน์ ได้ง่าย ๆ สามารถเล่นได้บนแพตฟอร์มออนไลน์ทุก
รูปแบบ รองรับการเล่นบนโทรศัพท์มือถือทั้งในระบบ IOS และ Android ผู้เล่นสามารถกำหนดการเดิมพัน
thanks for sharing by: gofinds
fax document from computer
Hello there, I adore your blog. Is there some thing I can do to obtain updates like a subscription or some thing? I am sorry I am not acquainted with RSS? CBS Live Stream
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! news
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You clearly know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to your weblog when you could be giving us something informative to read? communion
Great stuff within you, guy. Ive read your own products prior to and you’re too amazing. I love what youve got the following, love what you are declaring and the way a person say it. You ensure it is entertaining and you still manage to ensure that it stays intelligent. I can’t hold out to learn a lot more of your stuff. This is often a fantastic blog. Keilini Heater
https://www.mysportsgo.com/forums/topic/1236/best-website-business/view/page/1
Overwhelming information, major and shocking new turn of events, as arrangement goliath stuff with sharp assessments and evaluations, stacks of dumbfounding information and inspiration, the two of which I need, reasonably of suggestion an especially strong information here. navigate to the closest grocery store
It is truly overwhelming, yet then, at that point gander at the heading at this treat. moviekids
Outstanding article it is without doubt. My father has been awaiting for this content. how to sell payment processing services
.
For this site, you will see our record, endeavor to encounter this information. public storm warning signal #1
Cool you structure, the information is overpowering and confounding, I’ll give you an assistance with trip my site. garage door repair Santa Monica
Such area are beast considering the way that they give a goliath piece of key information … turtle beach elite 800 wireless
It is especially reasonable, at any rate research the tips during this spot of home. welcome to the internet lyrics
I truly respect this titanic post that you have obliged us. I ensure this would be goliath for far past anybody’s assumptions a monster piece of people. exit navigation
Advantage however much as could reasonably be viewed as standard from dominatingly premium substances – you will find the individual being proposed for: animixplay
Here you will perceive what is head, it’s beginning and end coterminous’ an assistance with trip a confounding page: sharon mae disney
Puzzling subject, near signs are I was unable to say whether they are everything considered by an overall perspective as bewildering as your work out. xresolver
Do or do not, there is no try ดูบอลฟรี
It is quite beneficial, although think about the facts when it reaches this target. you can find out more
This is a fantastic website and I can not recommend you guys enough. I really appreciate your post. how to sell credit card machines
.
Wow i can say that this is another great article as expected of this blog.Bookmarked this site.. poetry blog
I simply wanted to write down a quick word in order to say thanks to you for those wonderful tips and hints you are showing on this site member slot
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here pg slot เปิดใหม่
Fabulous post✅ you have denoted out some fantastic points regarding pg slot ฝาก 20 รับ 100
I likewise think this is a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to slot auto wallet
I will visit again for more quality✅ contents and also I recommend this site to all who are รวมเว็บสล็อต
Great work✅ This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. I also have some information related to on my website รวมเว็บสล็อต pg
Nice post ✅. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part เว็บสล็อตเว็บตรง
I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. ✅ I also have some information related to this Topic on my website สแกนสล็อต
Thanks for the marvelous post! ✅ I really enjoyed reading it, you might be a great author. I will certainly bookmark your blog and definitely will come back sometime soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great writing สมัครสล็อต
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project สล็อต ยืนยัน otp รับเครดิตฟรี100
Definitely a fantastic publish✅. The information you have provided is actually very worthwhile. เครดิตฟรี สล็อต
Superior post keeps up with this exceptional work✅. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again! รวมค่าย สล็อต ฝาก10รับ100
It’s really a fantastic website ✅ thanks for sharing. There’s no doubt I would fully rate it after i read what the idea about this article is สล็อต pg เว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ฝากถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ํา
This is a great article and great read for me✅. It’s my first visit to your blog สล็อต ฝากขั้นต่ำ 1 บาท
Thanks for writing such a good article, I stumbled onto your blog and read a few post. I like your style of writing… continue reading this
Selectgirls99 Near Your Locaions
https://selectgirls99.com/
Link alternatif terbaru ,dijamin memberikan pengalam luar biasa yang tidak adan dapatkan ditempat lain tentunya.You can click here for more details : gan88
On this page, you’ll see my profile, please read this information. see this website