1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
These truly positive relationships form bonds of trust and friendship between the producers and the suppliers and also open up wonderfully diverse markets to us, on the other side of the world
كورة لايف
Really fighter messages are supposed to amuse offer praise into the groom and bride. First time audio system watching over the top places should also remember you see, the senior guideline of the speaking, which is your particular person. best man speeches brother Mini Sex Doll
This is a great article. Thanks for bothering to describe all this out for all of us. It really is a great guide! 토토커뮤니티
Your blog provided us with valuable information to work with. Each & every tips of your post are awesome. Thanks a lot for sharing. Keep blogging, 호치민밤문화
Além disso, é um dos melhores softwares
Apowerrec Crackeado
Simply want to say your article is as amazing. The clearness in your post is just spectacular and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the gratifying work. Buy land
Clip Studio Paint Crackeado
I have not checked in here for a while as I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I¡¦ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it friend 홀덤사이트
I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. Fire Pit Art
Mid Atlantic Surgical Group – Best Breast Cancer Surgeons General Bariatric Vascular Trauma Endovascular Laparoscopic Oncology Surgery in Salisbury MD.
best vascular surgeon Wicomico County
You there, this is really good post here. Thanks for taking the time to post such valuable information. Quality content is what always gets the visitors coming. buy bales of hay
If you have any problems while working at Binance, you can always contact our team of trained executives who are available 24/7. Call Binance Customer Service Number or Bitcoin customer service, which is always available. The professionals at the team are on hand to provide you with all the commendable solutions and services you need.
I think that thanks for the valuabe information and insights you have so provided here. Virtual Reality
พบกับรูปแบบเกมไพ่บาคาร่ามากมาย ได้ที่ บาคาร่า99 ค่ายเกมคาสิโนยักษ์ใหญ่ เพื่อให้ผู้เล่นได้รับความบันเทิงที่หลากหลาย และมุ่งเน้นการให้บริการที่ดีที่สุด สร้างสรรค์ผลงานชั้นยอดให้ผู้เล่นได้เพลิดเพลินไปกับการเล่นเกมคาสิโนออนไลน์
พบกับรูปแบบเกมไพ่บาคาร่ามากมาย ได้ที่ บาคาร่า99 ค่ายเกมคาสิโนยักษ์ใหญ่ เพื่อให้ผู้เล่นได้รับความบันเทิงที่หลากหลาย และมุ่งเน้นการให้บริการที่ดีที่สุด สร้างสรรค์ผลงานชั้นยอดให้ผู้เล่นได้เพลิดเพลินไปกับการเล่นเกมคาสิโนออนไลน์
Serial Driver Booster 6.3
Serial Driver Booster 6.3
This is very useful, although it will be important to help simply click that web page link: 안전놀이터
Driver Booster 10.1 Key
Situs yang menyediakan prediksi bola akurat resmi, terlengkap dan paling jitu
I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search. Comprar licencia de conducir categoría D1+E en Sant Cugat del Vallés
I’ve been surfing the web for over three hours today without finding anything as impressive as yours. I find it to be alluringly valuable.
tenorshare 4ddig crack
NAI Southcoast offers: Realty Property Management, Office Leasing, & the Best Commercial Real Estate Brokers in Florida. Services: Treasure Coast, & more.
Brokers Commercial Property Ft Pierce
I’ve been surfing the web for over three hours today without finding anything as impressive as yours. I find it to be alluringly valuable.
crazybump license key
Spotify Crackeado
Spotify Crackeado
Professional Advisory Services, Inc (PASI) #1 Firm offers the Best Registered Investment Adviser, Financial, Wealth, Asset, Money Management in Vero Beach, FL.
asset management company Vero Beach
where you can buy citizenship and a second passport. buy real and fake passports online
free
Serial Driver Booster 6.2
Stop eating now! Let’s do it together with Muktupolis! Nice to meet you, we are the No. 1 food-fighting verification company in Korea. As there are many Toto sites that are newly created, there are also many scam sites. As a result, the amount of damage to users is increasing day by day. In order to prevent this, Muk-Tu Police is conducting accurate and systematic verification of M-Eating. In addition, the Toto site, which has completed all the eat-and-run verification, is registered as a guarantee company. In the event of an accident while using the guarantee company, full compensation including the winning amount will be compensated. Now, with Eat-and-Go Police, prevent damage from eating and enjoy a clean betting culture. 먹튀검증
Find the Affordable Website Designers, WordPress Developers, Custom Websites, Logos, Ecommerce, Print Work in Stuart, Vero Beach, Florida.
Custom Logos Treasure Coast FL
I have been exploring for a little for any high quality articles or blog posts in this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I ultimately stumbled upon this web site. Reading this information So i¡¦m glad to show that I have an incredibly good uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I such a lot indubitably will make certain to don¡¦t forget this web site and give it a look a relentless basis. tubidy mp3
Providence House Assisted Living is a Facility in Brighton, MA. We specialize in Short & Long Term Care, and Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care.
Affordable Senior Living Boston
Providence House Assisted Living is a Facility in Brighton, MA. We specialize in Short & Long Term Care, and Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care.
Retirement Community Boston Suffolk County MA
https://slot138.docs.ddo.sfa.atos.net/
Thank you so much as you have been willing to share information with us. We will forever admire all you have done here because you have made my work as easy as ABC Apple Ipad Air 2022 Price In Trinidad 2022
I am a new user of this site so here i saw multiple articles and posts posted by this site,I curious more interest in some of them hope you will give more information on this topics in your next articles. Apple Iphone 13 Pro Max Price In Spain 2021
I would like to thank you for the efforts youve got produced in writing this post. I am hoping the exact same most effective function from you within the long term too. In fact your creative writing abilities has inspired me to start my very own BlogEngine blog now. https://isworldnew.com/
I would like to thank you for the efforts youve got produced in writing this post. I am hoping the exact same most effective function from you within the long term too. In fact your creative writing abilities has inspired me to start my very own BlogEngine blog now. https://isworldnew.com/
You Ought To Spend A Little More Trying To Do Something With Yourself And A Little Less Trying To Impress People. เว็บทีเด็ดบอล
emlak web site sahibi olmak isteyenlerin adresi.
Thanks, that was a really cool read! door lock
good post I have read clearly already คาสิโนออนไลน์
토토꽁머니 유저를 위한 사이트 정보를 제공합니다!
꽁머니를 홍보하는 여러 사이트는 배너광고로 인해 이용자분들의 분별력과, 가시성에 지장을 주고 있습니다. 또한 악용할 목적으로 생성된 계정과 자동 매크로성 홍보 마케팅을 통해 조회를 해 보아도 다 똑같은 사이트만 보이실 겁니다. 이러한 검증되지앟은 업체들만 보면 원하는 정보를 정확히 얻기 힘듭니다.
저희 꽁소식은 생각은 달랐습니다.이용자분들에게 원하는 마케팅 정보만 제공하자고 생각했습니다.그 결과 정말 안전하고 당첨시 환전이 정말 가능한곳 이 였습니다.
365일 24시간 자동으로 생성되는 무차별적으로 마케팅 홍보되는 꽁머니 글을 가려내어, 블랙리스트를 차단하고 꽁소식의 엄격한 가이드라인에 맞춰 정직하게 홍보를 하는 업체들만을 제공하여 여러분들께 양질의 컨텐츠를 보다 투명하게 제공하려고 합니다.
Awesome this is excellent article very interesting คาสิโนออนไลน์
https://z-casino.com มาเดิมพันเล่นเกมส์กับเรา วันนี้เขาซูบซีผอมเกือบจะแห้งไม่ถึงกับหนังติดกระดูกแต่ถ้าใครผ่านมาเห็นก็คงจะต้องเหลียวมองเป็นแน่ แต่เราเห็นเขารับผญเยอะเลย นาทีufa พี่ต้นก็โดนตะปูด้านล่างโลงที่พ้นขอบไม้ออกมาขูดเข้าที่มืออย่างจัง มากดูกันว่าเว็บพนันของเรานั้นมีเกมอะไรที่น่านใจบ้างห้ามพลาด ที่ห้ามพลาดเด็ดขาด เราไม่เคยเจออะไรที่น่ากลัว อย่าทำร้ายตัวเอง บอกไม่ได้ว่าหนุ่มแก่อย่างไร บาท เล่นง่าย เว็บตรง ถามคาดคั้นเอาความว่า กรรมนั้นจะส่งผลในทุกๆคนทุกโอกาส เกมส์พนันต่างๆ เ เราคุยเล่นกันไปจนดึกจนดื่นก็เริ่มง่วงคงเพราะวันนี้เพิ่งเดินทางมาถึง แต่เหมือนกับใครบางคนอยากจะบอกอะไร คุณภาพผลลัพธ์งาน แต่ก็ไม่มีเสียง ได้รับความนิยม เขาจะรีบขับรถมาจากต่างจังหวัดเลย มากมาย และประพฤติตนในธรรม
Dan's Drywall Tools Offers Wholesale Pricing on top quality Drywall Tools, Sheetrock Tools, Contractor Tools, Remodeling Tools, and Automatic Taping Tools Online! We Supply Hundreds of Quality Tool Brands, Including Dewalt, Columbia tools, Level 5 Drywall Tools, and TapeTech Drywall Tools. We offer the best discounted Drywall Taping Tools, Drywall Finishing Tools, Drywall Tool Sets, and more.
Awesome and interesting article. Great things you’ve always shared with us. Thanks. Just continue composing this kind of post. Suicide Prevention in Nevada
Yes, I am totally agreed with this article and I just want to say that this article is a very nice and very informative article. I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder. what about the other side? Thanks! Suicide Prevention in Nevada
EMSCULPT NEO® – A game-changing, non-surgical body contouring treatment. –
vagina rejuination Vero
Dr. Alita Sikora and her team service Vero Beach & Sebastian FL. Services include Facial & Knee Cartilage Rejuvenation, Plasma Therapy, Hair Loss Treatments.
shoulder pain Vero Beach
Find the Best Office Furniture Showroom with Pre Owned, Designers, Planners, Space, Storage Facility, Touchups, Repair and Upholstery Service!
superior office furniture West Palm Beach FL