1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Thanks for sharing the post.. parents are worlds best person in each lives of individual..they need or must succeed to sustain needs of the family. scalp micropigmentation nyc
Listed here you’ll learn it is important, them offers the link in an helpful webpage: 마그마게임
SA gaming baccarat สมัครใช้งานง่าย รับเครดิตฟรี ไม่มีเงื่อนไข หรือ ฝากเล่นขั้นต่ำ 50บาท ในครั้งถัดไป เกมพนัน sa game พร้อมให้บริการท่12านแล้ว ตลอด 24ช.ม. https://sa-game.bet
Rhino 6 Crackeado
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place.. clinic
This type of message always inspiring and I prefer to read quality content, so happy to find good place to many here in the post, the writing is just great, thanks for the post. clinic
الو پزشک-معتبرترین سایت پزشکی در ایران https://aloopezeshk.com/
All in one website, the hottest online casino right now. 789ai
A lot of thanks for every one of your labor on this website. My mom really loves conducting internet research and it is easy to understand why. Most people notice all concerning the powerful means you provide invaluable things by means of your website and even encourage contribution from some others on the subject matter then my princess is truly becoming educated a whole lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You’re the one carrying out a superb job. best money lender
ufabet เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ เว็บพนันออนไลน์ อันดับ 1 แทงบอล บาคาร่า เกมสล็อตแตกง่าย สมัครยูฟ่าเบท ฝากถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ำ 24 ชั่วโมง https://ufaball.bet/เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์
Ativador Windows 7
After study a few of the blog posts on your own internet site now, i genuinely as if your strategy for blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Pls check out my site also and let me know what you think. crypto review blog
BUCIN777 hadir untuk memberikan kemudahan bagi para pecinta taruhan slot online. Pasalnya di sini kami menawarkan pilihan permainan judi slot online dari banyak pilihan provider game ternama. Salah satu di antaranya ada pragmatic lain dan juga slot88. slot gacor
แทงบอลออนไลน์ufabet | Mangotree เดิมพันบอลออนไลน์ทุกรูปแบบ ฝากถอน ไม่มีขั้นต่ำ โบนัสค่าคอมมิชชั่น คืนยอดเสีย 0.5% แทงบอลออนไลน์
Easily, the article is actually the best topic on this registry related issue. I fit in with your conclusions and will eagerly look forward to your next updates. lightburn license key free
CAFÉ HORTENSIA Hyggeliges Ambiente – für jeden erlebbar. Öffnungszeiten Mittwoch bis Freitag: 14 – 17h Samstag und Sonntag: 10 – 17h Montag und Dienstag: Ruhetag Reservierungen Café Hortensia Liebe Gäste, wir Mittagstisch
It’s very informative and you are obviously very knowledgeable in this area. You have opened my eyes to varying views on this topic with interesting and solid content. advanced archive password recovery licence code
What is Cooe Apk? Cooe App Is A Prediction Website The Same As Fiewin And Mantri Mall Earn Money By Predicting Color Red And Green. How To Use And How To Play. There Are Many Games As Well As Many Color Predictions You Can Win Real Money. Cooe Colour Prediction App Download. Cooe Apk Download | Cooe Colour Prediction. Cooe Apk, Cooe App Download 2022 | Cooe Referral Code Earn ₹1000, Cooe Apk Download, Download Cooe APP, Cooe View this game, Color Prediction Game Hello Friends in this post you will get to know about Cooe Apk Download | Cooe Referral Code Earn ₹1800, Play games, do surveys, and win great cash prizes for free. Download the Cooe App 2.0 Download from this page and install it on your phone to enjoy your favorite game in your spare time. cooe
The subsequent time I learn a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I do know it was my option to read, but I really thought youd have something attention-grabbing to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could possibly repair should you werent too busy on the lookout for attention.
Learn Quran Online
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in reality used to be a leisure account it. Look advanced to far delivered agreeable from you! However, how can we keep up a correspondence? healthy supplements
Magnificent goods from you, man. I have take note your stuff prior to and you are simply extremely wonderful. I actually like what you have received here, certainly like what you’re saying and the best way in which you say it. You’re making it entertaining and you continue to care for to keep it wise. I can not wait to learn much more from you. That is actually a wonderful site. 겜블시티
Probably very happy you’ll. Simply the style manually operated to be naturally and never a pet untruths at all the almost every other blog pages. Delight in your amazing berbagi until this most significant doctor. do not disturb light
Adobe Animate Crackeado
game megaCan play on both computers, tablets and mobile phones, both IOS, Android, just with the Internet. Therefore, we are constantly improving the system.
I’d need to talk to you here. Which isn’t something I do! I like reading a post that could get people to believe. Also, many thanks for permitting me to comment! comprar una licencia de conducir
There are a handful of fascinating points with time in this post but I don’t know if these center to heart. You can find some validity but I’ll take hold opinion until I explore it further. Good write-up , thanks and that we want far more! Included with FeedBurner as well comprar carnet de conducir legal sin examen
spinix 879
สล็อตเว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ เล่นง่าย จ่ายจริง Lava879
เวก้า123 Our online slot game website is a direct website. The hottest and newest, the latest update in 2022.
If attainable, as you become experience, would you mind updating your blog with extra particulars? It is extremely useful for me. Massive thumb up for this weblog put up!
DoramasMp4
Great article with excellent idea!Thank you for such a valuable article. I really appreciate for this great information.. Gonzo’s Quest Megaways
With thanks for any posting plus superb recommendations.. sometimes I actually as well reckon that diligence is definitely a vey important ingredient of finding being successful. https://morecashforteststrips.com/products/medtronic-paradigm-reservoir/
For many people this is the best solution here see how to do it. Virtual and hybrid events
Oh my goodness! a fantastic article dude. Appreciate it However My business is experiencing problem with ur rss . Do not know why Not able to subscribe to it. Can there be everyone finding identical rss problem? Anybody who knows kindly respond. Thnkx ccleaner professional crack
I am thankful to you for sharing this plethora of useful information. 7m
Emphasis is placed on an association with believable spots that perform well in hunt results. An Edu backlink is considered to be among the most outstanding backlinks that certain can get. Google targets Edu backlinks and it’s wise to make some backlinks in this order. mp3juice
A large maturity of Edu spots are run by educational institutions and getting quality backlinks can prove to be a overwhelming or precious task. For folks who consider buying the hyperlinks, they need to be apprehensive that the links aren’t cheap. This is the reason it’s important to know how to get backlinks from Edu spots in the most affordable manner. It’s largely recommended for every point or website to insure the presence of a minimum of one Edu link. Simple styles similar as searching for Edu spots and opining on websites are effective ways of erecting backlinks. mp3 juice
This fashion will give you 100’s indeed 1000’s of results of. edu sites and back link options. Now we are going to have all these results peopled by Google- and if you installed SEOQuake your going to see a number of different particulars that show up in your hunt affect runners. mp3juice
From the hunt machine’s point of see, the. EDU link adds authority & standing to that particular third- party website. This is well known among hunt machine marketers. mp3 juice
Dramacool is a free asian drama website where millions visit to watch asian shows online.Drama cool provides users with various genres including Action, Comedy, Demons, Drama, Historical, Romance, Samurai, School, Shoujo Ai, Shounen Supernatural, etc.
Dramacool
You bear through a awesome vacancy. I sanity definitely quarry it moreover personally suggest to my buddys. I am self-possessed they determination be benefited from this scene. cellular nutrition
I might suggest solely beneficial in addition to trusted facts, and so find it: healthy organs
I simply want to tell you that I am new to weblog and definitely liked this blog site. Very likely I’m going to bookmark your blog . You absolutely have wonderful stories. Cheers for sharing with us your blog. blockfi
An exceptionally Fantastic blog write-up. I’m grateful for your own web site publish. I have identified loads of strategies next checking out your post. สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Watch Rajjo Apne Tv Serial Video All Episodes Online, Star Plus Drama Rajjo Today new episode free at Hotstar, Desi Serial
Rajjo
Me alegra ser uno de los varios visitantes de este excelente sitio de Internet (:, agradezco su publicación.
토토사이트
Regular caffeine use alters your Nigoal brain’s chemical makeup, leading to fatigue, headaches and nausea if you try to quit.
This Website is fastest football result. 7m
Togel merupakan salah satu jenis judi online paling populer dikalangan penjudi dan hanya perlu bergabung di agen togel terpercaya semua bettor memiliki kesempatan menjadi jutawan dalam waktu cepat
This is football result Website. 7m
Really insightful write-up! There exists a whole lot of data right here that will help any small business begin with A prosperous social networking campaign.