1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
You may quickly convert YouTube videos(MP4) to MP3 audio files with our YTMP3 converter and download them. All popular mobile devices, laptops, and tablets may use the service. You may make the conversion without downloading any software. The website is fully functional online.Our YouTube to mp3 download
is a hassle-free, quick, and easy way to get YouTube audio. This YouTube MP3 converter is totally free, allowing you to quickly download and convert high-quality files. To download your favorite music, just type the YouTube video URL into your browser.
I am glad you take pride in what you write. This makes you stand way out from many other writers that push poorly written content. Digital Global Times
셔츠룸
About Whiskey Shirt Karaoke in Gangnam, South Korea
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to undertand. Unlike additional blogs I have read which are really not tht good. I also found your posts very interesting. In fact after reading, I had to go show it to my friend and he ejoyed it as well! Digital Global Times
Keep up the good work , I read few posts on this web site and I conceive that your blog is very interesting and has sets of fantastic information. 7mm-08 ammo for sale
Great post, you have pointed out some fantastic points , I likewise think this s a very wonderful website. 7mm-08 ammo for sale
aplikasi jual pulsa termurah
Family Pulsa – Distributor Pulsa termurah dan terpercaya, Agen pulsa termurah se Indonesia- Aplikasi jual pulsa termurah banyak bonus
Morocco is a place that never fails to make a tourist fascinated and satisfied. This country has always been, throughout history a very interesting place to travel to or to settle in; it truly a land that enjoys richness in all of the aspects, be it: nature, history, cultural tradition, and lifestyle Expert private morocco tours agency travel agency promises you that we will discover it to the fullest together, dont hesitate to book your Morocco private Tour with us.
We are Specialist in Morocco Private Desert Tours Morocco Private Guiding Tours, Marrakech Excursions, Family Tours, Camel trek in sand dunes of the Desert Sahara, Trekking in the most Gorgeous Mountains and Desert.
มีเวอร์ชันสาธิตฟรีของสล็อตวิดีโอนี้ สล็อต777 แม้ว่าจะเป็นเกมง่ายๆ ที่นักพนันส่วนใหญ่จะลงเล่นและลงเล่นด้วยเงินสดจริง ห้องปฏิบัติการทดสอบอิสระรับรองความเป็นธรรมและประกอบกับใบอนุญาตของคณะกรรมการการพนันแห่งสหราชอาณาจักรที่มาพร้อมกับสล็อต Gaming Realm ทั้งหมด จึงสามารถเชื่อถือได้ว่าจะให้ผลลัพธ์ที่ยอดเยี่ยม
นอกจากนี้ยังได้รับการปรับให้เหมาะกับอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่ด้วย ดังนั้นคุณจึงสามารถรับผลลัพธ์เหล่านี้ได้จากอุปกรณ์ที่รองรับหลากหลาย รวมทั้ง iPhone และ iPad รวมถึงอุปกรณ์ที่ใช้ระบบปฏิบัติการ Android
i am always looking for some free stuffs over the internet. there are also some companies which gives free samples. 오나홀
pulsa murah Telkomsel
Server Distributor pulsa murah all operator dan ppob terpercaya terlengkap – Aplikasi jual pulsa termurah tanpa modal
Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. 은지를보지
รีวิวเกม Butterfly Blossom รีวิวเกมButterfly Blossom เกมใหม่ล่าสุด จากค่ายยอดฮิตอย่าง PG SLOT ที่มีคนเลือกเล่นอย่างต่อเนื่อง บนเว็บน้องใหม่มาแรง SUPERSLOT AUTO ที่รวบรวมเกมสล็อตจากทุกค่ายเกม ถึงแม้เว็บจะเปิดตัวมาได้เพียงไม่นาน แต่ได้รับความไว้วางใจจากเหล่านักเล่นเกมสล็อตทั่วทั้งประเทศไทยว่าเป็นเว็บที่ดีที่สุด เรื่องราวภายในเกมมาในแนว ระบบนิเวศทางธรรมชาติ การเติบโตของผีเสื้อเริ่มจากตัวอ่อน จากนั้นตัวอ่อนไปเป็นดักแด้ และในที่สุดก็แปรสภาพเป็นผีเสื้อที่สวยงาม ผีเสื้อแต่ละสายพันธุ์ก็มีลักษณะที่แตกต่างกัน ผีเสื้อบางตัวก็มีจำนวนปีกต่างกันด้วย โดยว่ากันว่าผีเสื้อ 8 ปีก เป็นผีเสื้อที่หายากที่สุดในบรรดาผีเสื้อทั้งหมด ในตำนาเบ่าขานกันว่าลึกเข้าไปในถ้ำในหุบเขา มีดอกพีชสีม่วงหายากที่จะเกิดเพียงหนึ่งครั้งในทุกๆ 6 ปี เชื่อกันว่าถ้าตัวอ่อนกินยามงคลนี้เข้าไป จะทำให้มันเป็นผีเสื้อ 8 ปีกได้ออกเดินทางตามไปลูกพีชสีม่วงในตำนาน เพื่อสิทธิ์เป็นราชินีผีเสื้อคนต่อไป เป็นสล็อตวิดีโอ 5 รีล 3 แถวที่มีสัญลักษณ์ Wild และหมุนฟรีพร้อมตัวคูณที่เพิ่มขึ้น ระหว่างการหมุนใดๆ การชนะทั้งหมดจะถูก คูณด้วยตัวคูณที่แสดงเหนือรีล โดยเริ่มจาก x1 ในรอบแรก รวบรวมสัญลักษณ์ Free Spin 3 ตัวเพื่อเข้าสู่ฟีเจอร์ฟรีสปิน […]
I believe France is having a state-of-the-art railway system in the world. Hope to visit France very soon and enjoy the trips there.
Nice read. Please keep on sharing such stuff with us.
Enjoy this
Definitely a fantastic publish✅. The information you have provided is actually very worthwhile. brainsclub
I discovered that web page quite usefull and this study is incredibly cirious, I ‘ ve under no circumstances seen a weblog that desire a study for this actions, extremely curious…สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. https://lin.ee/H1vakb8
Wow, What an Outstanding post✅. I found this too much informatics. It is what I was seeking for
Bhad Bhabie Nudes
Great post, I want to thank you for this informative read; I really appreciate sharing this great post. Keep up the good work!
MyPsychology BC
Wow! ✅ This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs we’ve ever arrive across on this subject. It’s really great. I’ve also written some articles on this topic therefore you can visit
Italian lessons
I am surely having fun with your website. You absolutely have some wonderful insight and good stories.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
You make a lot of wonderful factors here that I study your short article a couple of periods. Your sights are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is excellent content material for your personal visitors.
สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
PROTETOX
Exceptional brief which article helped me a lot. Say thank you I looking for your data? Bos138
I am very happy to read this article. Thanks for giving us Amazing info. Fantastic post. Panen123
Visit our website for smart lights, motion sensors, home automation devices Bos138
Excellent writing skills, worth reading. Keep it up, also visit our website for more Panen123
“Thank you so much for sharing all this wonderful info!!!! It is so appreciated!!! Bos138“
Tergacor hari ini yang hadirkan begitu banyak keuntungan para pemain dengan bonus jackpot terbesar Bos138
Blog sangat bagus Bos138
Merupakan suatu agen judi slot online paling digamari kaula muda maupun tua. Bagi kalian yang ingin mendapatkan jackpot besar di Bos138
I have been looking to discover a solace or powerful method to finish this procedure and I think this is the most reasonable approach to do it Bos138
Very nice blog!! Guy .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds additionally…I am glad to find so much helpful information right here in the post Bos138
Bos138 adalah situs agen judi tepercaya yang sering memberikan kemenangan bagi kalian yang bermain disini
Judi online terbaik dan terpercaya Bos138
슬롯커뮤니티
Introduction of Korean online slot sites
I am really happy to say that I deeply read your article. I am searching like this type valuable information, it’s really helpful for me.
사설토토
I must say informative content you shared, thank you for this .
스포츠토토
I have been for a very long time. I really appreciate how simple you try to keep things when it comes to explaining the who what and why of blogging.
바카라사이트
หลายๆ ท่านคงกำลังมองหา คาสิโน ที่เล่นง่าย จ่ายจริง ไม่โกง มีหลายเกมให้เลือกเล่นต้องที่นี่ slowbookmovement เพราะเราคือผู้นำด้าน คาสิโนออนไลน์ ที่มาพร้อม บาคาร่าออนไลน์ สล็อตออนไลน์ รูเล็ต เสือมังกร ไฮโลออนไลน์ เเละอีกมากมาย ส่งตรงจากค่ายดังทั้ง SAGaming , Sexygaming , PrettyGaming , AllBet , EBet , AsiaGaming , DreamGaming ให้ท่านเล่นกับดีลเลอร์สาวสวย เห็นการแจก เห็นหน้าไพ่ ดูการทอยลูกเต๋ากันแบบเรียลไทม์ ให้ท่านมั่นใจในความโปร่งใสมั่นใจได้ 100% มาพร้อมกับระบบ ฝาก ถอน ออโต้ภายใน 10วิ ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง คอมมิชชั่น 0.7% ของทุกยอดเดิมพัน
หลายๆ ท่านคงกำลังมองหา คาสิโน ที่เล่นง่าย จ่ายจริง ไม่โกง มีหลายเกมให้เลือกเล่นต้องที่นี่ ocoug.org เพราะเราคือผู้นำด้าน คาสิโนออนไลน์ ที่มาพร้อม บาคาร่าออนไลน์ สล็อตออนไลน์ รูเล็ต เสือมังกร ไฮโลออนไลน์ เเละอีกมากมาย ส่งตรงจากค่ายดังทั้ง SAGaming , Sexygaming , PrettyGaming , AllBet , EBet , AsiaGaming , DreamGaming ให้ท่านเล่นกับดีลเลอร์สาวสวย เห็นการแจก เห็นหน้าไพ่ ดูการทอยลูกเต๋ากันแบบเรียลไทม์ ให้ท่านมั่นใจในความโปร่งใสมั่นใจได้ 100% มาพร้อมกับระบบ ฝาก ถอน ออโต้ภายใน 10วิ ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง คอมมิชชั่น 0.7% ของทุกยอดเดิมพัน
Very good written article. It will be supportive to anyone who utilizes it, including me. Keep doing what you are doing – can’r wait to read more posts. govtjobcircular24.com
Very good topic, similar texts are I do not know if they are as good as your work out. random video chat
been paid but you owe on the car.. . Either way, they can & will repo your car for those fees if you insist on not paying them.. . Its a no lose 007카지노
Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and everything. Nevertheless think about if you added some great pictures or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and clips, this site could certainly be one of the most beneficial in its field. Fantastic blog! 카지노
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back in the future. All the best 카지노사이트
We are really grateful for your blog post. You will find a lot of approaches after visiting your post. I was exactly searching for. Thanks for such post and please keep it up. Bludwing
I have read your blog it is very helpful for me. I want to say thanks to you. I have bookmark your site for future updates. Is VIVO Chinese Company