1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post.
Thecadaily.com
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post.
The California Daily
I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording.I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading.I am impressed with your work and skill.Thank you so much. 용인홀덤
Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post.
Thecadaily news
This is content is helpful and informative about the railway industry. It is an appreciative blog.
Sonalika Tractor price
Thanks for sharing this post best paying jobs in oil & gas production
NO Gain NO Pain (today’s quote) and have good time 오늘의운세 (today’s fortune)
putlocker
putlocker – Watch FREE Movies Online & TV shows HD Quality is Streaming Movies Online Like Putlocker, Hulu, 123movies, Netflix, Popcornflix, goMovies, Megashare, Fmovies, Torrent, Popcornflix, Soap2day, Crackle, Tubi, Kanopy, Vudu, Yidio, Pluto TV, Vimeo, AZ Movies, Snagfilms, Hoopla, Plex, IMdb, Stremio, Popcorn Time, Peacock, Ullu App, Kodi, Hulu, Movie4k, Amazon
Oriental Prosperity
เกมใหม่ จากค่ายยอดฮิตอย่าง PG SLOT บนเว็บน้องใหม่ที่ได้รับกระแสตอบรับจำนวนมากในหมู่นักเดิมพันออนไลน์
เมื่อนานมาแล้ว มีเจ้านายท่านหนึ่งที่รักในการวาดภาพ เขาเป็นจิตรกรที่ใช้พู่กันได้เก่งมาก มีคนชื่นชมภาพวาดของเขามากมาย
Power Sex – All-Natural Alternative to getting Long-lasting ERECTIONS.
POWER SEX is an all-natural enhancer that will help you increase your energy and performance while maintaining stamina in the bedroom.
male enhancement natural
On this page, you’ll see my profile, please read this information. https://123moviesnow.space
There are a couple of fascinating points with time in the following paragraphs but I do not know if all of them center to heart. There’s some validity but I most certainly will take hold opinion until I check into it further. Very good post , thanks and then we want a lot more! Included with FeedBurner at the same time Judi Bola
KEUNGGULAN ID PRO SLOT TERPERCAYA
Di dalam permainan judi online, bermain mengunakan id pro sangatlah berguna dari pada hanya bermain dengan id biasa. Mengapa demikian? yaa benar sekali, karena dengan anda mengunakan id pro maka akan sangat membantu untuk presentasi kemenangan anda. Bahkan bisa sangat membantu anda mendapatkan keuntungan besar dan berlipat ganda. Karena pada dasarnya id pro slot memang dibuat dan dirancang khusus untuk membantu memecahkan masalah para bettor yang terlalu sering mengalami kekalahan dalam bermain slot online maupun judi online. Lalu apa saja keunggulan id pro slot? berikut penjelasannya.
Meningkatkan rate kemenangan setara 85%.
Bisa digunakan di semua permainan dalam satu web terkait kecuali sportsbook dan togel.
Id pro tidak mudah diretas karena pada dasarnya kitalah yang meretas sistem suatu web judi online.
Jika anda bermain slot online, maka besar kemungkinan anda sering mendapatkan jackpot ataupun freespin.
Data-data tentunya terpelihara dengan aman.
DIMANA ANDA BISA MENGUNAKAN ID PRO SLOT
Tidak semua website judi online bisa kita susupi untuk pembuatan ID Pro. Hanya website dengan sistem keamanan lemah saja, yang bisa berhasil di tembus oleh tim hacker kami untuk mengadakan pembuatan ID Pro. Seperti yang kita ketahui, bahwa di internet tak ada website yang benar-benar aman seperti website poker, slot online, casino, togel dll. Maka dari itu tim hacker kami berhasil membobol beberapa website dan menjadikan kami bisa membuat ID Pro. Nah untuk itu, anda bisa mengunakan ID Pro ini di website yang sudah berhasil kami retas servernya. Jadi jika anda mendaftar id pro slot maka secara khusus kami infokan dan kami recomendasikan website yang sudah berhasil kami retas.
a href=”https://www.texasviva.com/oriental-prosperity/”>Oriental Prosperity
รีวิวเกมสล็อต Oriental Prosperity เกมใหม่ จากค่ายยอดฮิตอย่าง PG SLOT ที่มีคนเลือกเล่นอย่างต่อเนื่อง บนเว็บน้องใหม่มาแรง SUPERSLOT AUTO ที่รวบรวมเกมสล็อตจากทุกค่ายเกม ถึงแม้เว็บจะเปิดตัวมาได้เพียงไม่นาน แต่ได้รับความไว้วางใจจากเหล่านักเล่นเกมสล็อตทั่วทั้งประเทศไทยว่าเป็นเว็บที่ดีที่สุด
It’s great that you are getting thoughts from สูตรบาคาร่า this piece of writing as well as from our dialogue made here.
I high appreciate this post. It’s hard to find the good from the bad sometimes, but I think you’ve nailed it! would you mind updating your blog with more information? VUCA World
Can play for 24 hours without deduction of water Easy to play, pay for sure 789power
I went to this website, and I believe that you have a plenty of excellent information, I have saved your site to my bookmarks. Buy Apetamin Vitamin Syrup
It’s always equally an exceptional write-up it’s my job to undeniably appreciated checking out. It is far from conclusively day-to-day it’s my job to improve the way to determine just about anything. Vergleich
Hi there to everyone, the contents present at this web site are in fact awesome for people experience,
well, keep up the good work fellows. สล็อตออนไลน์
شرکت تک نت ارائه دهنده اینترنت پرسرعت 🚀 و کلیه خدمات ارتباطی سازمانها در کشور | با مجوز سروکو از سازمان تنظیم مقررات
https://taknet.ir/
Comfortabl y, the post is really the freshest on that deserving topic. I harmonise with your conclusions and definitely will thirstily look forward to your next updates. Simply saying thanks will not simply just be adequate, for the extraordinary clarity in your writing. I will directly grab your rss feed to stay informed of any updates. Gratifying work and much success in your business dealings! fivem mod
I am doing a report regarding this matter. Your article is loaded with extremely helpful data. I will make a point to return to look at your posts for my next report. custom truck mattress
Definitely believe that which you said. Your favourite reason seemed to be on the internet the simplest factor to consider of. I say to you, I definitely get irked at the same time as other people think about issues that they just don’t recognise about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top well defined out the entire thing without having side effect , other folks could take a signal. Will probably be again to get more. Thank you! 亚博
ระบบ สล็อตออนไลน์ ที่ง่ายดายที่สุดยังไม่พอ แต่มี เครดิตแจกฟรี ทุกยอดการฝากเข้ามาเดิมพัน ไม่ต้องกลัวว่าจะไม่มีสิทธิ์ในการรับเครดิตฟรีเพราะค่ายของ สล็อตเว็บตรง เรามีการแจกทุกวันทั้งยอดฝากเข้าเล่นหรือ ฟรีสปิน ในเกมส์รวบรวมความสุข สนุก และโชคไว้แล้วที่นี่สล็อตเว็บตรง
สำหรับเกมส์บนเว็บสล็อตเว็บตรง
เราที่ได้อัพเดตตลอดเวลานั้น เราอยากให้ท่านได้สัมผัสและเล่นเกมส์บนเว็บที่ดีที่สุดของเรา
เว็บสล็อตเว็บตรง
GTA Online ALL 바둑이사이트 몰디브바둑이 HEIST SCOUTING CLUES – 6 Access Point Locations & 10 Points of Interest
Hello! I just would like to give you a huge thumbs up for your great info you have got right here on this post. I will be coming back to your web site for more สล็อตเว็บตรง soon.
Really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. It’s really good. I really get amazed to read this. Thanks For Sharing Your Blog.
Arab Basalt Fiber Company
ตามจริงแล้ว สล็อตออนไลน์มีคุณสมบัติโบนัสที่จูงใจและธีมที่สร้างแรงบันดาลใจซึ่งคาสิโนบนบกไม่มี สล็อตออนไลน์ยังเรียบง่ายและเล่นง่าย riches888 โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเมื่อสร้างขึ้นจากคุณสมบัติที่น่าสนใจ ดังนั้นการค้นหาช่องใหม่และทำกำไรไม่ได้จบลงที่ผู้เล่นใหม่ นักพนันทั่วไปก็ติดตามเช่นกัน
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I to find It truly helpful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to provide something back and aid others such as you helped me. tax consultancy
If you will use an FFL, you should contact them to see what their process is, and to notify them of your intent to use them as a pick up location. Pistols for sale in Jonesboro Arkansas
Trade กันง่ายๆ trade กันสนุกๆ trade ออนไลน์ได้ทุกวัน copytrade4rich
Copy trade
Your article is amazingly useful incredibly captivating subject I am looking that kind of post thank for giving to us keep it up. best truck mattress
Undeniably believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason appeared to be on the web the easiest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people think about worries that they plainly do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people could take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks Car flooding cleaning
Herrenhemden bedrucken? Planen Sie Ihre eigenen Damen- oder alternativ Jugendshirts? Ohne Zweifel, offensichtlich! Wir drucken Bauchmuskel 1 Stück und gewähren bei Massenanfragen einen Rabatt von bis zu 40%. t shirt mit bild
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. 威而鋼哪裡買
Thanks for the marvelous post! ✅ I really enjoyed reading it, you might be a great author. I will certainly bookmark your blog and definitely will come back sometime soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great writing 메이저바카라
I found useful information on this topic✅. Thank you posting relative information and its currently becoming easier to complete this project 안전놀이터
Some genuinely nice stuff on this website , I enjoy it. fmwa 8.95 download apk.fm
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting? I’m pleased I discovered it though, ill be checking back soon to find out what additional posts you include. liv@mb condo
goodness, extraordinary, I was thinking about how to fix skin break out normally. what’s more, discovered your site by google, took in a ton, presently i’m somewhat clear. I’ve bookmark your site and furthermore include rss. keep us refreshed. truck mattress
Regardless of income level, everyone should have access to fashion. For the same reason, we have maintained minimal prices for every article of clothing. If you’re looking for something spectacular or stunning within your budget, Top Gun can be a wonderful fit for your winter wardrobe.
Top Gun Women Costume
Steps to Sign In and activate Cbs Sports account on Roku streaming device at cbssports.com/roku. You can also watch on Cbs sports on Apple TV, Fire Stick and LG Smart TV.
If you don’t have time nigoal123 to wash an item you are about to wear, and it doesn’t smell fresh, one easy trick is to use a dryer sheet.
The Best GBA games ever provide a window into the past. Nintendo subvert our expectations of what was possible with handheld gaming by deftly transferring what it had accomplished with the GameBoy and Game Boy Color into the Game Boy Advance. It should not be surprising that Nintendo and its partners packed this system with some truly amazing experiences; the best gba games of all time cover a wide range of genres.
Hi there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers! 메이저사이트
เกมสล็อตออนไลน์ของเรา ตอนนี้มีโปรโมชั่นเข้ามาใหม่เพียบบ เพียงแค่ท่านสมัครสมาชิก สล็อตjoker เพื่อที่จะได้รับสิทธิพิเศษต่างๆมากมาย เราพร้อมให้บริการคุณตลอด 24 ชม.
I love the tips on this site, they are always to the point and just the information I was looking for Kitchen accessories online in Pakistan