1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
hoki slot 4d This is truly a great read for me. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles.
judi123 Really the blogging is spreading its wings rapidly. Your write up is a fine example of it.
master888 slot Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased,
winslot88 As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse
bigwin777 How are you supposed to get to have a friend if you don’t go on a date?One of the ways you your night safer is to suggest a double date situation.
murah slot If your new date doesn’t agree or refuses you very well may not want to go out with the guy.
idn slot When you are out on a date and he appears to get angry quickly or agitated at the little things these should be signs that you may be in danger.
star777 All of these items are non lethal and they will disable a person for a short period
zeus slot You should ask reasons for having him like where he works, If he is the internet with networking sites, exactly where he lives,
Really Great Information.
Thanks for your insight for your fantastic posting. I’m glad I have taken the time to see this. sattamatka
Hi. Cool article. There is a problem with the web site in firefox, and you might want to test this… The browser is the marketplace leader and a huge portion of folks will miss your excellent writing due to this problem. แทงบอลมือถือขั้นต่ำ10บาท
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also kickasstorrent
I’d forever want to be update on new posts on this website , bookmarked ! . แทงบอลมือถือ
The most excellent first-class services taking you to the pinnacle of adventure; the availability of the chance to partake in a most varied type of physically pleasing actions; the professionalism of unmatched class; and the choice of the greatest variety of open-minded and eye-candy females, including charming air hostesses, housewives, college-going Call Girls, acting actresses, celebrities, etc.
https://pakistanqueens.com/
It is undoubtedly Pakistan’s most well-known city due to its extensive community, rich cultural heritage, wealth of attractions, and most significantly, spectacular beauty. Returning to Karachi is like traveling to the city of the sea and rivers. How simple it is to leap, float, or swim in the water. How romantic it is to visit the sea with a partner. How calming it is to feel the water against your limbs and legs. Karachi is a prominent city in Pakistan. The Dolmen retail mall and Mazar-e-Qaid, two enduring structures in Pakistan’s largest city, draw attention from around the world, among other reasons (such as beaches and playgrounds). In the past ten years, Karachi has developed from a small hamlet in Pakistan to one of the world’s brightest, fastest, and most technologically advanced cities.
https://pakistanqueens.com/call-girls-in-karachi/
pleasant post, stay aware of this fascinating work. It truly regards realize that this subject is being secured likewise on this site so cheers for setting aside time to talk about this! 토토사이트
Hey all, Not long ago i identified your internet site each and every The major search engines tiny searching for just like sort of educative support furthermore kinds illuminate beholds unbelievably excellent i think. piso wifi 10.0.0.1 pause time
Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, I really located you by mistake, while I was watching on google for something else, Anyways I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and a all round entertaining website. Please do keep up the great work.
สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Veger offer a range of high tech fast charging solutions for everyone including laptop power banks, magsafe power banks, charging cables and gan chargers with PD/QC 3.0 tech. Check out their website now to know more about their products. Power Bank
We have really proper established to produce some type of website, i retailer already been second-rate in an attempt to carry out for a little while inside. Acknowledges because of this illuminate, that is serviceable! piso wifi 10.0.0.1 pause time
Kinmaster.com.co is a Completely Best Free Website, Get you All Apps For Android and ios, Free Download MOD APK Android Apps & Mod Games
kinemaster Mod apk
The vacation offers on offer are : deemed as a selection of one particular chosen furthermore low cost throughout. These kinds rentals are commonly proudly located at features who definitely are accented through fine-looking shores selling crystal-clear waters, contingency the Pacific Ocean. hotels packages 크레이지슬롯
À mesure que le monde évolue vers une économie mondiale, l’importance de la comptabilité ne fait que croître. La comptabilité est le langage des affaires, et ceux qui savent la lire et l’écrire ont un avantage certain sur le marché. Cependant, l’apprentissage de la comptabilité peut sembler être une tâche ardue. Heureusement, Startupo.fr propose un excellent programme de formation en comptabilité qui peut vous aider à acquérir les compétences dont vous avez besoin pour réussir. Le programme est conçu pour les débutants et ceux qui ont déjà des connaissances en comptabilité. Il couvre tous les principes de base de la comptabilité, ainsi que des sujets plus avancés tels que les états financiers et la préparation des déclarations fiscales. Mieux encore, le programme est proposé entièrement en ligne, ce qui vous permet d’étudier à votre propre rythme et de suivre le cours selon votre emploi du temps. Que vous cherchiez à démarrer une nouvelle carrière dans la comptabilité ou que vous souhaitiez simplement améliorer vos compétences commerciales, le programme de formation en comptabilité de Startupo.fr est un excellent point de départ. formation comptable
Better half, this great site is without a doubt fabolous, i love it 007카지노
Nice and interesting citymorguemerch post,I appreciate your hard work,keep uploading more, Thank you for sharing valuable information.
Great article in addition to its data and I emphatically bookmark to this site in light of the fact that here I generally get an astonishing information as I anticipate. A debt of gratitude is in order for this to impart to us 먹튀검증사이트
For those of you who like to play games that can make money in the most popular online world ทางเข้า pg Because earning money in the online world is becoming popular these days
As I am looking at your writing, keonhacai I regret being unable to do outdoor activities due to Corona 19, and I miss my old daily life. If you also miss the daily life of those days, would you please visit my site once? My site is a site where I post about photos and daily life when I was free.
متخصص ارتودنسی در سعادت آباد
deltaslot88 adalah sebuah situs slot online terbaik dan terpercaya. Bagi anda yang sedang mencari situs terbaik, maka Deltaslot88 adalah jawabannya. Kami adalah situs slot gacor terbaik yang menyediakan berbagai macam game slot online mudah menang dan sangat menguntungkan bagi Anda. Ditambah lagi, anda bisa menikmati berbagai macam bonus menarik serta permainan – permainan yang sering memberikan jackpot untuk Anda. Kami pastikan anda tidak akan menyesal bergabung bersama Deltaslot88.
I am george grace working for workebook PR consultant. With extra than 6 years revel in in PR and Digital Industry, helping groups to obtain dreams through streamilining the technique.
workebook
It’s simple to complete many academic works in a few hours with the assistance of any take my online examexam tool. Because they appear to have been made just for you; you can sit at the table and complete them with laughter and curiosity.
This is very beneficial, despite the fact that it’ll be crucial that you aid press in which website website link: skmei watch
Free All Latest Gaming News
Free Fire Portal
Indeed, I have loved this blog post. It gives us so much useful information.
開公司
Lots of good sharing on this platform, indeed.
Thank you so much.
SEO
Want to buy steroids online on most reduced value range, visit medsonlineoutletstore.com. Get 20% off on every single such item online steroids store is the one and only store for all steroids products.
Medsonlineoutletstore.com visit to buy prescription meds online on most reduced value range. Best Prescription meds accessible here for a wide range of endorsed medications.
Dolby Atmos Crack
Yaş Hesaplama é uma ferramenta gratuita que ajuda você a calcular sua idade e o número de dias que faltam até seu aniversário. Yaş Hesaplama de idade irá ajudá-lo a descobrir sua idade e informar quantos anos você tem. E quanto tempo até o seu aniversário?
Very interesting blog. Alot of blogs I see these days don’t really provide anything that I’m interested in, but I’m most definately interested in this one. Just thought that I would post and let you know. cake bars thc
Adjusting your sleep routine nigoal123 starts by making consistency a priority.
This is very educational content and written well for a change. It’s nice to see that some people still understand how to write a quality post! jeeter juice carts
“I love my hoodie. It is stylish, comfortable, and simply makes me feel good to wear it. In addition to the store I have purchased 2 separate items from the website and both times I got great service.” dreammerchhoodie
I really appreciate this wonderful post that you have provided for us. I assure this would be beneficial for most of the people. jeeter juice carts
how to live mortgage free? – There are a number of ways to pay off your mortgage. You can either refinance it or live on a tight budget. You can also sell off some of your possessions before paying off your mortgage. Listed below are some tips for living mortgage-free. You’ll feel like a million bucks! And don’t forget to factor in taxes and other expenses! This will make living mortgage-free possible for you!
manatoto
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards, แทงบอล
เว็บดูหนังออนไลน์ hd 2021 หนังใหม่ หนังชนโรง หนังซูม พากย์ไทย + ซับไทย 1080P เต็มเรื่อง ดูฟรี บนมือถือ ทุกระบบทั้ง android และ iphone ipad Comedy หนังตลก Horror หนังสยองขวัญ Romance โรแมนติก ดูหนังฟรี หนังเอเชีย หนังไทย movie-1.com โหลดไวไม่มีกระตุก ดูฟรี ไม่มีโฆษณาคั่น