1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
UFA222 เว็บเดิมพันสล็อตออนไลน์ ปลอดภัย เล่นง่าย ได้เงินเร็ว ไม่ว่าจะเล่นผ่านสมาร์ทโฟนหรือผ่านคอมพิวเตอร์ก็ทำได้ง่ายๆ เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ขั้นต่ำ 1 บาท
Thank you for sharing this. It was helpful. Keep sharing such things. Such great information for a blogger I am a professional blogger thanks. Nice Article!! Keeping your body hydrated is a must. You should always give priority to your healthy life first. mi smart band 7
Thank you for very usefull information.. watch movies and series online free
Today we have a tendency to reaching to share with you the advantages of statistics prep facilitated to the scholars. do my stats homework for me. Statistics issues are advanced in nature. That’s why it’s hard for scholars to tackle each challenge in statistics. Statistics prep assistance is the most effective account for them.
https://www.domyhomework.us/do-my-stats-homework.html
เว็บไซต์แทงบอลออนไลน์ ชั้น 1 ของคนประเทศไทยเปิดให้ ดูบอลสด พนันบอลออนไลน์ รวมทั้ง คาสิโนออนไลน์ บาคาร่า ครบวงจร สามารถแทงบอลออนไลน์ครบทุกลีก ดูบอล ไม่ว่าจะลีกใหญ่หรือลีกรองก็มีให้พนัน ซึ่งท่านสามารถแทงบอลเต็ง บอลชุด บอลสเต็ปได้ตั้งแต่ 3 คู่ ด้วยกัน เริ่ม แทงบอลไม่มีอย่างต่ำ แทงบอลออนไลน์ มองบอลออนไลน์ และได้รับค่าคอมมิชชั่นทุกยอดการเสียคืนทุกวี่วัน และยังเป็น เว็บพนันบอล 2022 ที่ผู้คนนิยมเล่นอย่างมากเพราะมีเรยี่ห้อคาน้ำบอลดีเยี่ยมที่สุดในไทย ดูบอลออนไลน์ พร้อมด้วยยังมีกิจกรรมทายผลกีฬา ทายสกอร์ผลบอล ufa365 เว็บไซต์พนันบอลที่ดีที่สุด เปิดแทงบอลมากที่สุด ufa365 กล้ารับรองว่าเป็นน้ำหนึ่งอันเดียวกันในไทยที่มีอัตราจ่ายสูงขึ้นยิ่งกว่าเว็บอื่นๆมีระบบระเบียบฝากถอนอัตำหนิโนมัติเตียนที่เร็วที่สุด ทำรายการเร็วมีโปรให้เลือกมากมาย
I’ve been searching for hours on this topic and finally found your post. casinosite, I have read your post and I am very impressed. We prefer your opinion and will visit this site frequently to refer to your opinion. When would you like to visit my site?
Hello there, Not long determined your web blog each one Yahoo minimal hunting for for instance types of educative guide as well models win over beholds astonishingly fantastic in my view. 8x movies
hank you for the sensible critique. Me and my neighbor were just preparing to do some research about this. We got a grab a book from our area library but I think I learned more from this post. I’m very glad to see such great information being shared freely out there. 토토사이트추천
Very nice article and straight to the point. I don’t know if this is truly the best place to ask but do you folks have any ideea where to get some professional writers? Thank you. Feel free to visit my website 토토사이트
I want to to thank you for this good read!! I definitely enjoyed every little bit of it. I’ve got you book-marked to look at new stuff you post… 메이저토토사이트
This article is well explained to us. Thanks for 온라인카지노
the article you have posted is very interesting. I respect your opinion and I hope much more people can see your posts.
에볼루션카지노
The topics writen in your article is exactly what I have found. I like to share this article which is very high quality. Thanks for sharing 온라인홀덤
Profit primarily prime quality items — you can understand them all within: movie4me
I was looking for the site about onlineslot, and it is very helpful articles that I can find information. Appreciate your sharing 슬롯사이트
Many people will be inspired by your artilces. There is a lot information can adjust in our situation. please read this articles 슬롯사이트
อยากมีเงินใช้ง่าย ๆ เงินเข้าบัญชีทุกวัน เชิญทางนี้ เปิดใจเล่น สล็อตออนไลน์กับเรา วันนี้ เล่นง่าย ได้เงินจริง สร้างกำไรหลักหมื่น หลักแสน ได้ไม่อั้น ถึงแม้ว่าคุณจะมีทุนเพียงแค่หลักร้อยก็ตาม เชื่อใจเรา pg slot เว็บตรง
It is perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it! Find Local Tradespeople
You possess lifted an essential offspring..Blesss for using..I would want to study better latest transactions from this blog..preserve posting.. movie4me
with a blood loss of up to 1.5 percent of body weight, red blood cell transfusions are used. or washed erythrocyte suspensions to maintain
อ่านเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนวัดมะปรางงาม
Reduces bleeding from damaged blood vessels. and create conditions for correcting blood clots, atherosclerosis, embolism
อ่านเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านทุ่งในไร่
blood circulation automatic dilution Water and sodium retention The compensation possibilities of these reactions are limited.
อ่านเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนพึ่งตนเอง
of capillaries with severe violations of cellular metabolism. Causes dysfunction of the peripheral organs, kidneys, liver, lungs and uterus that lose the ability to contract.
อ่านเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนวัดโคกเมรุ
Situs Bandar Togel Prize 123 Dibayar Terpercaya Di indonesia
The information that you provide here is awesome and informative.
Mahindra Tractor Price
the severity of the consequences This includes establishments in the second phase of labor in at-risk patients. of an intravenous catheter connected to the drip
อ่านเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนวัดนาขุนแสน
Thanks for taking the time to discuss that, I feel strongly about this and so really like getting to know more on this kind of field. Do you mind updating your blog post with additional insight? It should be really useful for all of us. buy instagram views
Thanks for taking the time to discuss that, I feel strongly about this and so really like getting to know more on this kind of field. Do you mind updating your blog post with additional insight? It should be really useful for all of us. 카지노사이트
Unhealthy daytime habits and nigoal123 lifestyle choices can leave you tossing and turning at night and adversely affect your mood,
I have been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this web site. Thank you, I will try and check back more often. How frequently you update your website? 코인카지노
This design is spectacular! You definitely know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Great job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool! 코인카지노
Very nice article, I enjoyed reading your post, very nice share, I want to twit this to my followers. Thanks!. Logo wiki
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. Logo wiki
I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. I am hoping the same best work from you in the future as well. Thanks… Logo wiki
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. Logo wiki
Such a very useful article. Very interesting to read this article.I would like to thank you for the efforts you had made for writing this awesome article. Buy Alprazolam Powder
I can’t remember the last time I enjoyed an article as much as this one. You have gone beyond my expectations on this topic and I agree with your points. You’ve done well with this. 청담카지노
So lot to occur over your amazing blog. Your blog procures me a fantastic transaction of enjoyable.. Salubrious lot beside the scene. mylvhn
This internet web page is genuinely a walk-through for all of the info you wanted about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll surely discover it. Best Chocolate In Pakistan
Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. 메이저사이트 선별 과정
I really thank you for the valuable info on this great subject and look forward to more great posts. Thanks a lot for enjoying this beauty article with me. I am appreciating it very much! Looking forward to another great article. Good luck to the author! All the best! 먹튀없는 스포츠토토 사이트
Hello, I read your article and I must say that you write it very well. It might help many of us. So, I’d suggest that you check out our renovation services on my website.. We work as Dubai Carpenters, Home Renovation Dubai, Villa Renovation Dubai, Kitchen Renovation Dubai, Joinery Work in Dubai, Gazebos and Pergolas in Dubai also provide kitchen work, wardrobes, joinery work, gazebos, pergolas, doors, flooring. Our team of professionals works hard to give high-quality results with great service at prices that are affordable. Our team has worked in this field for more than six years, and we’re proud of our ability to do high-quality work that will go above and beyond what you expect. We are different from other companies that offer similar products or services because we always try to go above and beyond what our customers expect.https://jarenovation.ae/carpenter-Dubai/
Hello, I read your article and found it to be very well written. It could be beneficial to many of us. So, I recommend that you look at our renovation services in Dubai on our website. JA Renovation is a leading renovation, fit-out and interior design firm in Dubai. As Dubai’s leading home remodeling company, we can help you transform your property into the home of your dreams or completely redesign your office. We specialize in providing you with high-quality designs that incorporate clever solutions so that your idea can be realized within your budget, and we are here to help you every step of the way. It’s time to hire the best home renovation contractors in the UAE to build your dream home.https://jajoinery.ae/outdoor-furniture-Dubai/
Thanks a lot for keeping great stuff. I am very much thankful for this site. Feel free to visit my website; 노사이트원”>카지노사이트원
카지노사이트
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. Feel free to visit my website; 바카라사이트
Your work is very good and I appreciate you and hopping for some more informative posts. Thank you for sharing great information to us Feel free to visit my website; 카지노사이트
Underneath it chances are you’ll know the most important thing, currently taking the fact that process generates took place backlinks when using the entertaining page: คาสิโนออนไลน์
The content is utmost interesting! I have completely enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great, and your efforts are outstanding! 먹튀폴리스
It’s wonderful, still, take a look at equipment to your local objective. บาคาร่า sa
We are a top rated accounting homework help Online service here with experts specializing in a wide range of disciplines ensuring you get the assignments that score maximum grades.