by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

213,931 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  1. If you go through the above questions, you already have the answer in your mind as to whether or not to accept this job. Then, just run it. In a sentence that is as precise and clear as possible. “I’ll do it. I hope to go along well. “However, if you want to accept it, but you need a condition, don’t look at it and just say it. “I want to do it. But the amount is small. It takes so much time, effort and skill to do the job, and the amount of money for it is only possible.” “I want to do it. But the duration is too short. In order to do it, it takes a certain amount of time to get good quality results.” “I want to do it. By the way, I ask you to join me in making the decision on which partner to collaborate with.” Be clear when refusal is necessary. “I can’t do it because of my schedule.” “There will be people in that field better than me.” “Right now, I have stopped working on it for a while.” Clarity is very important here. If you’re being foolish, it means you’re ashamed of your own desires. Why is desire shameful? As long as I have what I want, I will do it. When it comes to work, shouldn’t the result be good if I feel good? However, if you still do not understand your heart even after asking the above questions, you are actually crouching in front of some desire. It’s obvious that I’m going to be a little different, but I have to make money first, or the enormous stress is obvious but the desire to work with someone makes me pretend I don’t know it, or I need one more profile even if it doesn’t seem like I’m being recognized right away, etc. yes right Living isn’t easy. The time required to endure such a beggar-like situation may also be a required part of life. But let’s not constantly torture ourselves. Even if there is no problem even if I change myself a little, there will come a time when I want to be good at rejecting. You have the respect, qualifications and rights you deserve. You are the only one who protects it. When you start to respect yourself, sooner or later other people will start to treat you badly. Let’s walk while protecting our preciousness. Honesty is a very important force in rejection. Honesty starts with trust. Trust that you will open your ears and listen to me. So a good rejection also wins people. It requires the skill to trust the other person and to reject it without lies by using great force on that respect. With that skill, we can build trust while rejecting well. If it’s someone you can’t be honest with while rejecting, if it’s someone who won’t listen to you, there’s a high probability that you’re someone you can’t be with even on the trajectory of your life. Then you can put less effort and refuse. Don’t be afraid to refuse. Rejection is that after doing well, the rest of the day is really refreshing. Thanks for reading. 슬롯사이트

  2. thanks for posting this information. I simply want to let you recognize that i simply take a look at out your website and i find it very thrilling and informative. I can not wait to examine masses of your posts. That is an tremendous put up. I like this subject matter. This website online has hundreds of gain. I discovered numerous exciting things from this site. It helps me in numerous approaches. Thank you for posting this over again. Your article were given me considering something. Who do we touch if we want anesthesia speedy? I have heard there are some cell services on-line, and now i recognize which of those services is first-rate at their task. I am glad my friends told me approximately them. I in reality inspired after study this on account of some satisfactory work and instructive contemplations . I simply wanna explicit profound gratitude for the writer and need you to revel in all that life has to provide for coming!. Thank you for sharing pleasant facts with us. I love your submit and all you percentage with us is uptodate and pretty informative, i would like to bookmark the web page so i can come right here again to study you, as you have got accomplished a extraordinary task. Fantastic publish i have to say and thanks for the data. Schooling is actually a sticky subject. However, is still a few of the main subjects of our time. I appreciate your submit and sit up for greater. 메이저놀이터

  6. I’ve been thinking about that a lot. Am I in danger now? When I think about that, is there someone to call when I am too tired at three in the morning? This was a very important criterion for me. Don’t women need this kind of relationship? Aren’t we too careful with each other? Shouldn’t we be experimenting with each other? We’ve been trained to be polite all the time, so men do a lot of stuff like that, idiot, but women don’t do this with women. You can’t cross the line. So, even when you need salvation here, you can’t cross the line. It made me think a lot, but the most intense thought remained that it was difficult and not easy to maintain a relationship that crosses the line between hurt and salvation, unless it is a family of origin or a relationship consisting of a sexual relationship. However, as intense as it is, I also thought that I wanted to build such a relationship. So I immediately opened a chat room and told my friends, and I’m going to try again. So I decided to cross the line in friendship. So I came back for a long time to declare war on you guys! Don’t be too surprised if I call you at 3 in the morning. Appreciate your brilliant article. 온라인슬롯카지노

  10. It has fully emerged to crown Singapore’s southern shores and undoubtedly placed her on the global map of residential landmarks. I still scored the more points than I ever have in a season for GS. I think you would be hard pressed to find somebody with the same consistency I have had over the years so I am happy with that. data driven applications

  12. At this point, I would like to write down how to do rejection well, and the process. I often get calls asking for help from acquaintances who are in a difficult situation with refusal, so maybe I am a master of refusal. Now, once a proposal comes in, let’s slowly check the questions below.
    If you go through the above questions, you already have the answer in your mind as to whether or not to accept this job. Then, just run it. In a sentence that is as precise and clear as possible. “I’ll do it. I hope to go along well.” However, if you want to accept it, but you need a condition, don’t look at it and just say it. “I want to do it. But the amount is small. It takes so much time, effort and skill to do the job, and the amount of money for it is only possible.” “I want to do it. But the duration is too short. In order to do it, it takes a certain amount of time to get good quality results.” “I want to do it. By the way, I ask you to join me in making the decision on which partner to collaborate with.” Be clear when refusal is necessary. “I can’t do it because of my schedule.” “There will be people in that field better than me.” “Right now, I have stopped working on it for a while.” Clarity is very important here. If you’re being foolish, it means you’re ashamed of your own desires. Why is desire shameful? As long as I have what I want, I will do it. When it comes to work, shouldn’t the result be good if I feel good? However, if you still do not understand your heart even after asking the above questions, you are actually crouching in front of some desire. It’s obvious that I’m going to be a little different, but I have to make money first, or the enormous stress is obvious but the desire to work with someone makes me pretend I don’t know it, or I need one more profile even if it doesn’t seem like I’m being recognized right away, etc. yes right Living isn’t easy. The time required to endure such a beggar-like situation may also be a required part of life. But let’s not constantly torture ourselves. Even if there is no problem even if I change myself a little, there will come a time when I want to be good at rejecting. You have the respect, qualifications and rights you deserve. You are the only one who protects it. When you start to respect yourself, sooner or later other people will start to treat you badly. Let’s walk while protecting our preciousness. Honesty is a very important force in rejection. Honesty starts with trust. Trust that you will open your ears and listen to me. So a good rejection also wins people. It requires the skill to trust the other person and to reject it without lies by using great force on that respect. With that skill, we can build trust while rejecting well. If it’s someone you can’t be honest with while rejecting, if it’s someone who won’t listen to you, there’s a high probability that you’re someone you can’t be with even on the trajectory of your life. Then you can put less effort and refuse. Don’t be afraid to refuse. Rejection is that after doing well, the rest of the day is really refreshing.온라인홀덤사이트

  13. Great things you’ve always shared with us. Just keep writing this kind of posts.The time which was wasted in traveling for tuition now it can be used for studies.Thanks R1ufa

  14. Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. R1ufa

  16. It’s perfect time to make a few plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I may I want to suggest you some attention-grabbing things or suggestions. 바카라사이트

  18. I like what you guys are up too. Such clever work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I¦ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site Feel free to visit my website; 바카라사이트

  21. I’m just seeking to models write-up. Its fantastic come across people today explain in words to the heart in combination with comprehension during this sizeable motif will likely be easily uncovered. 강서구출장안마

  23. happy to visit your blog, i’m with the aid of all money owed ahead to extra reliable articles and that i assume we as a whole want to thank such a variety of properly articles, blog to impart to us. Superior put up, keep up with this brilliant paintings. It is pleasant to recognise that this subject matter is being additionally blanketed on this net web page so cheers for taking the time to speak about this! Thank you time and again! First-rate, an extremely good article that i genuinely enjoyed. Furthermore kurt russell christmas coat, i can’t assist considering why i failed to peruse it prior. I continue to be tuned and aware of the following. 메이저토토사이트

  26. This article is a connecting with bounty of edifying data that is interesting and carefully created. I acclaim your tireless work on this and thank you for this information. You have the stuff to get thought. gacorslot138

  28. hi there! I just desire to deliver a significant thumbs up with the brilliant records you could have here for this publish. I am returning in your weblog for more soon. Have you ever concept approximately writing an ebook or guest authoring on different websites? I’ve a weblog focused on the equal thoughts you speak and would like to have you ever percentage a few testimonies/data. I realize my audience would revel in your work. In case you are even remotely involved, sense free to shoot me an electronic mail. Wow!, this become a pinnacle exceptional submit. In concept i’d want to post like this as nicely – taking time and real effort to make a nice article… but what am i able to say… i hold putting it off and in no way seem to get some thing executed 사설토토사이트

  29. I am always searching online for articles that can help me. There is obviously a lot to know about music. I think you made some good points in Features also. Keep working, great job! Video Songs Download

  30. very exceptional article, i enjoyed studying your publish, very pleasant proportion, i want to twit this to my followers. Thank you!. I appreciate this text for the properly-researched content material and tremendous wording. I were given so worried on this fabric that i couldn’t prevent studying. I am impressed together with your paintings and ability. Thank you so much. Amazingly accommodating post. This is my first time i go to right here. I found such an in depth quantity of charming stuff on your blog particularly its change. Without a doubt its unheard of article. Keep it up. This is a fantastic website! I”m extremely content with the feedback!. 안전놀이터

  37. I simply needed to thank you very much all over again. I’m not certain the things I might have made to happen without the creative concepts shown by you over my topic. It has been a very scary case in my opinion, however , noticing this specialised strategy you treated the issue forced me to jump for joy. Now i’m grateful for this information and even expect you find out what a powerful job you were putting in educating others with the aid of your web blog. I am sure you haven’t encountered any of us. spotify reseller panel

  38. i’m fascinated this informative article. There are so many matters referred to right here i had by no means notion of before. You have got made me recognise there is more than one manner to think about these items . That is my first visit in your blog! We are a team of volunteers and new tasks within the same area of interest. Blog gave us beneficial information to paintings. You’ve got executed an first-rate job! Outstanding publish. I’ve been analyzing about this trouble. So a commitment of thankfulness is all collectively to put up. Definitely cool put up. It ‘s distinctly noticeably adequate and useful put up. Thank you . That is important, even though it is necessary to help you head over to it weblink: 토토사이트

  39. So a commitment of thankfulness is all collectively to put up. Definitely cool put up. It ‘s distinctly noticeably adequate and useful put up. Thank you . That is important, even though it is necessary to help you head over to it weblink: 토토사이트

  42. remarkable information! I latterly came at some stage in your blog and have been analyzing alongside. I notion i might leave my first observation. I don’t understand what to say except that i’ve. I’m excited to uncover this web page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly brilliant study!! I surely virtually favored each part of it and that i additionally have you saved to fav to take a look at new statistics to your web site. I’ve examine your article; it is very informative and beneficial for me. I admire the valuable information you provide on your articles. Thank you for posting it . I suppose this is an informative publish and it’s far very beneficial and informed. Consequently, i would like to thanks for the efforts you’ve got made in writing this text. You made such an thrilling piece to read, giving every subject enlightenment for us to benefit know-how. Thanks for sharing the such information with us to study this. This is the first time that i visit right here. I discovered such a lot of exciting matters in this specific blog, one thing i would love to request you that please hold posting such kind of informatics blog. You have got a terrific point here! I absolutely consider what you’ve got stated!! Thank you for sharing your views… Desire greater humans will study this text!!! Absolutely inspired! The whole lot could be very open and really clean clarification of problems. It contains certainly records. Your internet site is very treasured. Thank you for sharing. Just saying thank you will now not just be sufficient, for the fantasti c lucidity in your writing. I will instantly grasp your rss feed to stay knowledgeable of any updates . Properly, this got me questioning what different workout routines are good for those people who discover ourselves on the street or have restrained system alternatives. I examine a article underneath the identical identify a while in the past, but this articles first-class is tons, a whole lot higher. The way you do that. Amazing job for publishing one of these useful web website online. Your internet log isn’t only useful but it’s far moreover simply innovative too. There tend to be not many folks that can sincerely write now not so easy posts that artistically. This is a wonderful article thank you for sharing this informative facts. I’m able to go to your blog often for a few state-of-the-art submit. I can go to your blog frequently for a few modern-day submit. Thank you a lot for one of these well-written article. It’s complete of insightful data. Your point of view is the nice among many with out fail. For positive, it is one of the best blogs for my part. Great job for publishing this type of useful internet site. Your web log isn’t most effective useful but it’s far moreover virtually creative too. Wonderful and very interesting website. Love to observe. Keep rocking. Thank you for all your precious tough work on this internet site. Betty is satisfied to take part inside the research and it’s far genuinely apparent why. I examine the entirety about the energetic manner it gives worthwhile elements in this weblog and it also improves the contribution of others on this idea, so my princess isn’t any doubt starting to study many things. Revel in the relaxation of the year. You probably did a super process. Splendid article. The writing fashion which you have utilized in this article is superb and it made the object of higher exceptional. Thank you a lot for this informative post . Exceptional info! I latterly came throughout your weblog and have been analyzing alongside. I thought i might go away my first remark. I don’t realize what to mention besides that i have . That is an first rate publish i seen thanks to proportion it. It’s miles definitely what i desired to see desire in future you’ll maintain for sharing this sort of top notch publish. Took me time to study all the comments, however i absolutely enjoyed the object. It proved to be very helpful to me and i’m positive to all the commenters here! It’s continually first-rate when you can not most effective be informed, however also entertained! It was a excellent publish certainly. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it in my lunch time. Will surely come and go to this blog greater often. Thank you for sharing. I used to be simply browsing thru the net searching out a few records and got here across your weblog. I’m impressed through the facts which you have in this blog. It suggests how nicely you understand this concern. Bookmarked this web page, will come lower back for greater thanks for the notable percentage. Your article has proved your tough work and experience you’ve got got in this field. Extraordinary . I like it analyzing. What a first rate blog you have got here. It might be ideal if you refresh it all the extra frequently. This points is my gain. Plenty obliged to you. Pleasant post. I was checking constantly this weblog and i’m inspired! Extraordinarily useful data particularly the ultimate part i take care of such statistics plenty. I used to be in search of this certain data for a long time. Thanks and exact luck. Thank you for all your treasured tough paintings in this website. Betty is glad to participate inside the studies and it’s miles in reality apparent why. I examine the whole lot about the energetic way it offers rewarding elements in this blog and it additionally improves the contribution of others on this idea, so my princess isn’t any doubt beginning to analyze many things. Experience the rest of the yr. You probably did a first-rate task. Remarkable .. Stunning .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds moreover… i am glad to discover such massive numbers of valuable statistics here inside the publish. We need work out extra techniques in such way. A debt of gratitude is so as for sharing. Implausible weblog! I need to want to thank for the undertakings you have made in creating this publish. I’m believing a comparable excellent work from you afterward moreover. I expected to thank you for this destinations! Thankful for sharing. Fantastic locations! I truly revel in clearly analyzing all of your weblogs. Definitely wanted to inform you which you have humans like me who recognize your paintings. Truely a incredible post. Hats off to you! The statistics which you have furnished is very helpful. I need you to thank to your season of this top notch examine!!! I definately recognize each and every piece of it and i have you ever bookmarked to look at new stuff of your weblog an unquestionable requirement study weblog! Cool you inscribe, the info is certainly salubrious further captivating, i’ll provide you with a connect with my scene . The post may be very extremely good round the arena many human beings want to examine this type of publish i’m also a part of them and after the studying deliver true evaluations . I examine a super deal of stuff and i discovered that the approach for maintaining in contact with clearifing that exactly want to kingdom turned into exceptional so i’m stimulated and ilike to come back lower back once more in future.. Useful data .. I’m very satisfied to examine this article.. Thank you for giving us this useful information. Tremendous walk-via. I appreciate this post. Such an especially extensive article. To a awesome diploma fascinating to have a look at this article. I need to want to thank you for the undertakings you had made for creating this astonishing article . Excellent weblog. I took satisfaction in scrutinizing your articles. This is extremely a tremendous scrutinized for me. I’ve bookmarked it and i’m suspecting scrutinizing new articles. Keep doing exceptional! I feel extraordinarily pleased to have seen your website online page and assume one of these big variety of all the greater attractive occasions perusing here. An awful lot preferred yet again for every one of the factors of hobby. i want you to thank for your season of this fantastic study!!! I definately respect each and each piece of it and i have you ever bookmarked to observe new stuff of your blog an unquestionable requirement read blog! Preserve the outstanding do the process, when i recognize numerous threads within this net page in addition to i am sure that a global-wide-internet blog website online is usually genuine useful possesses bought baggage connected with top notch facts. I havent any word to welcome this publish….. Without a doubt i am inspired from this put up…. The individual who make this post it become an outstanding human.. Thank you for imparted this . Exceptional weblog. I took satisfaction in scrutinizing your articles. This is extremely a extremely good scrutinized for me. I’ve bookmarked it and i am suspecting scrutinizing new articles. Continue doing terrific! Good publish. Thanks for sharing with us. I simply cherished your manner of presentation. I loved studying this . Thanks for sharing and keep writing. It is ideal to read blogs like this. I suppose that is one of the most huge data for me. And that i’m satisfied reading your article. However need to observation on some general things, the internet web site fashion is best, the articles is really excellent : 메리트카지노

  50. gorgeous article. That blog submit impinges on a whole lot of instant want conflicts of the cutting-edge subculture. You can not be uninvolved to help you a number of these conflicts. It weblog post presents ideas or even innovative standards. Rather insightful or even beneficial. After studying your article i was surprised. I know which you explain it thoroughly. And i desire that different readers may even experience how i feel after analyzing your article. Higher than common data, gainful and sensational framework, as provide well completed with wise contemplations and mind, clusters of first rate records and idea, both of which i require, by means of virtue of provide such an obliging information right here. You have got lifted a primary offspring.. Blesss for the use of.. I’d need to consider higher most recent exchanges from this blog.. Preserve posting.. I experience extremely pleased to have visible your web page web page and expect this sort of large range of all of the greater engaging occasions perusing here. A great deal appreciated yet again for each one of the factors of interest. We’re actually grateful for your weblog put up. You will find a number of methods after touring your put up. I was exactly looking for. Thank you for such post and please preserve it up. Superb work. I really respect this publish. I have been looking everywhere for this! Thank goodness i found it on bing. You have made my day! Thank you once more . This is very interesting content! I have very well loved studying your factors and have come to the conclusion which you are proper approximately many of them. You’re high-quality . Your website has a tremendous post and text corona is serious round the sector, so be cautious along with your fitness and join it frequently inside the future. It’s very informative and you’re manifestly very knowledgeable on this place. You have got opened my eyes to various views in this subject matter with exciting and stable content. Admire it for all of your efforts that you have placed on this. Very interesting info . First-rate realtor close to dallas-fort really worth —-hey you ought to get social media plugins in your posts. I was searching out the ‘like’ button however couldn’t discover it. You have were given a top notch weblog here! Do you want to make some invite posts in this little blog? Net mail ———————exceptional submit. I look at something more difficult on definitely unique blogs ordinary. Thank you for taking the time to speak about this, i experience strongly approximately it and love mastering greater on this subject matter. If feasible, as you advantage know-how, might you thoughts updating your blog with more facts? It’s miles extremely beneficial for me 토토사이트홍보

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *