1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Ruqyah For Marriage Life Problems or for marriage and relationship issues can be use for marriage separation problems. Use our ruqyah for love between husband and wife to solve marriage life problems.
https://www.rohanicentre.com/ruqyah-for-marriage-life-problems/
Wazifa To Break Engagement or for breaking unwanted engagement can be done by black magic. If you have question about how to break someone’s engagement? Then we have solution.
https://www.yalateefu.com/wazifa-to-break-engagement/
Wazifa To Break Engagement or for breaking unwanted engagement can be done by black magic. If you have question about how to break someone’s engagement? Then we have solution.
https://www.yalateefu.com/wazifa-to-break-engagement/
dining room furnitures should be coated with shellac or varnish in order to preserve the wood grains:: personal loan singapore
Wazifa To Break Engagement or for breaking unwanted engagement can be done by black magic. If you have question about how to break someone’s engagement? Then we have solution.
https://www.yalateefu.com/wazifa-to-break-engagement/
I really love the way you discuss this kind of topic.~..:- foreigner loan singapore
This is a great blog and i want to visit this every day of the week , personal loan singapore for foreigners
Thank you for this specific info I was basically researching all Yahoo to be able to find it! personal loan
Nice weblog right here! after reading, i decide to buy a sleeping bag ASAP car wreckers
Photo Fix Team is the Trusted Best Photo Editing Services Provider. Send your Photos and Requirements. We will back to you Professionally with Vibrant Quality. Click here to read more Photo Editing Services
Today, I was just browsing along and came upon your blog. Just wanted to say good blog and this article helped me a lot, due to which I have found exactly I was looking. Sportsbook Software
It’s superior, however , check out material at the street address. guest posting services
I would say that this post is great, excellent and contains almost all the important information. This is how I want to see additional posts.
토토
After looking at some blog posts posted on your blog, I really like how you write your blog.
스포츠토토
I will save it as a favorite and check it again soon.
카지노
Look at my website and tell me what you think.
바카라사이트윈
OBC4D merupakan https://cgtweb1.tech.purdue.edu/35600/rjglotzbach/Assign08/upload/situs-togel/ dan adalah bandar totomacau dan hongkong terpercaya di Indonesia.
Terimakasih banyak, atas info yang di bagikan https://mitraboiler.com/distributor-burner-riello-solar-light-oil-diesel/
good job your sharing article https://mitraboiler.com/jual-pipa-boiler-di-indonesia/
MoviesJoy และ TinyZone มีฐานข้อมูลและระบบตัวกรองเดียวกัน อาจกล่าวได้ว่า MoviesJoy เป็น TinyZone movieshd888 ภายใต้สกินอื่นหรือในทางกลับกัน สำหรับฉัน ฉันชอบการออกแบบ TinyZone มากกว่า แต่มันเป็นเรื่องของความชอบส่วนบุคคล ดูหนังออนไลน์ฟรี สำหรับเนื้อหา MoviesJoy ยังคงเป็นทางเลือกที่ดีในไซต์สตรีมมิ่งอื่น ๆ ในการชมภาพยนตร์ออกใหม่ออนไลน์ฟรีโดยไม่ต้องสมัคร บริการสตรีมภาพยนตร์ออนไลน์นี้เหมือนกับ Netflix เพียงฟรี
โดยปกติแล้วหนังของทาง Documentary Club ดูหนังออนไลน์ จะจัดฉายอยู่ที่โรงภาพยนตร์ลิโด้ แต่ในช่วงที่โรงภาพยนตร์ต้องปิด ก็เป็นโอกาสอันดีที่ทาง Documentary Club ได้หาช่องทางใหม่เพื่อฉายภาพยนตร์ต่อไป Documentary Club ได้เปิดช่องทางใหม่ในการรับชมภาพยนตร์ผ่านทาง Vimeo “Doc Club On Demand” ในราคา $1.99 ต่อเรื่อง (ประมาณ 65 บาท) ซึ่งบางเรื่องจะมีเบื้องหลังและคลิปสัมมนาเกี่ยวกับภาพยนตร์เรื่องนั้นให้ได้รับชมกันด้วย movieshd88
If you think the cell phone signal jammer is very useful, please contact me.
https://jammers.store
If you think the cell phone signal jammer is very useful, please contact me.
cell phone jammers are mainly aimed at all kinds of examination rooms, schools, gas stations, churches, courts, libraries, conference centers (rooms), theaters, hospitals, governments, finance, prisons, public security, military areas and other places where the use of mobile phones is prohibited.
I am happy to find this post very useful for me, as it contains lot of information. I always prefer to read the quality content and this thing I found in you post. Thanks for sharing. king roman
I’ve proper selected to build a blog, which I hold been deficient to do for a during. Acknowledges for this inform, it’s really serviceable! 사설토토
I should assert barely that its astounding! The blog is informational also always fabricate amazing entitys. 안전놀이터
I am happy to find this post very useful for me, as it contains lot of information. I always prefer to read the quality content and this thing I found in you post. Thanks for sharing. 统计作业代写
I am happy to find this post very useful for me, as it contains lot of information. I always prefer to read the quality content and this thing I found in you post. Thanks for sharing. poker88
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog, I will keep visiting this blog very often. fbisd skyward
Virtual Xero Accounting that specializes in helping small businesses and Professional Services Firms. The online bookkeeping service helps small businesses with bookkeeping, payroll, and tax needs.
Thankyou for this wondrous post, I am glad I observed this website on yahoo. Animal Racing
Your writing so cool!
game wik wik
Fabulous post, you have denoted out some fantastic points, I likewise think this s a very wonderful website. I will visit again for more quality contents and also, recommend this site to all. Thanks. https://site-7888654-7128-5671.mystrikingly.com/blog/personalized-fine-leather-lanyard-badge-holder
I am impressed. I don’t think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. You are truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog you have got here. foryou
I unquestionably esteeming each and every piece of it and I have you bookmarked to look at new
stuff you post
casinoยูฟ่าเบทบนมือถือไม่มีขั้นต่ำ
I found this is an informative and interesting post so i think so it is very useful and knowledgeable. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. akaสล็อต
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. Pretty Dresses for Womens
Wow, that’s what I was looking for, what a information! present here at this weblog, thanks admin of this web page.|
카지노사이트
I have read it, but the information is still less than mine, i am wanting to learn more
파워볼
Kutas
Hobi ngeshare informasi seputar kultur Jepang.
Kekuatan Roronoa Zoro
Kemampuan dan kekuatan Terbaru Roronoa Zoro, Bikin Penonton Takjub!
When you use a genuine service, you will be able to provide instructions, share materials and choose the formatting style. fashion jewelry online
Anime Drama Terbaik
10 Anime Drama Terbaik, Dijamin Nyesek! Berani Nonton?
Happy birthday, I’m so glad that you’re my Dad/Mom! ebking สล็อต
Thanks for the great blog. It was quite helpful for me. I am content I discovered this blog site. Thanks for sharing with us,I as well always understand a thing new out of your publish. สล็อต 999
There has been an explosion in the popularity of men’s underwear technology, most notably technology that enhances the front. There are three main types of frontal enhancement technology each with their own benefits and disadvantages to consider. วิธีทิ้งกางเกงใน
Hi! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any issues with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing a few months of hard work due to no backup. Do you have any solutions to protect against hackers? Seriale Romanesti
You have a excellent stage below!I absolutely concur with what you have got mentioned!!Thanks for sharing your views…hope more and more people will go through this informative article!!! สล็อต 999
We are providing specialized worldwide sea freight forwarding services to companies large & small globally. We are an integral part of our clients export/import departments, offering custom tailored ocean/sea freight logistics solutions for a wide variety of cargos.
https://britishfreight.co.uk/sea-freight/