1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
شرکت لوله باز کنی در تهران بزرگ یکی از برترین های این حوزه می باشد که سالیان سال است در این زمینه فعالیت دارد و آماده ارائه خدمات در باز کردن انواع لوله های حمام، توالت فرنگی و ایرانی، حیات، آشپزخانه و…
✓خدمات لوله باز کنی وتخلیه چاه در تهران
✓خدمات لوله باز کنی با دستگاه تراکم هوا
✓خدمات لوله باز کنی با دستگاه موتور پمپ
✓خدمات لوله بازکنی با دستگاه قوی فنر زنی
✓انجام خدمات لوله کشی درتهران
https://lbtb.ir/
best depression treatment for life with best medication of Rivotril 2mg clonazepam…..
https://www.aboutdepressionhelp.com/product/rivotril-2mg-clonazepam/
We offer a range of services including all types of landscaping, deck builds, fencing, retaining walls, paving and landscape design & architecture
auckland gardeners
Your work is superb And that i value you and hopping for a few additional educational posts. Thank you for sharing great details to us.สล็อตวอเลท
I am surely having fun with your website. You absolutely have some wonderful insight and good stories. สล็อต 999
You make a lot of wonderful factors here that I study your short article a couple of periods. Your sights are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is excellent content material for your personal visitors. สล็อต 999
We have market some merchandise of different tailor made boxes.it is vitally valuable and very reduced price tag make sure you visits This page many thanks and be sure to share this post with your mates. สล็อต 999
Great to generally be viewing your weblog once again, it has been months for me. Perfectly this short article that I have been waited for so extended. I want this article to finish my assignment in the school, and it’s very same subject matter with all your write-up. Many thanks, good share.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
Love to read it,Looking ahead to More new Update and I Presently Read through your Modern Publish its Fantastic Thanks.สล็อตเว็บใหญ่
“The magic of the world’s most popular sport is perfectly captured in this fast-paced, exciting Casino game.
Find yourself in a 4kingbet, complete with video animation, live match commentary and chat from friendly presenters, with goal celebrations. Your challenge? Simply bet on a Home Win, an Away Win or a Draw.
If you love football, you are going to love 4kingbet. And even if football isn’t your favorite sport, the simplicity and speed of this game will convert you!”
Memberikan inspirasi terbaru dan memberikan suatu kebahagiaan yang , yang bisa di rekomendasikan untuk permainan yang akan membuar anda merasakan kebahagian untuk anda, semua hanya ada di situs Bandar Slot Gacor yang paling popular yang dapat di mainkan di semua kalangan
Memberikan inspirasi terbaru dan memberikan suatu kebahagiaan yang , yang bisa di rekomendasikan untuk permainan yang akan membuar anda merasakan kebahagian untuk anda, semua hanya ada di situs Bandar Slot Gacor yang paling popular yang dapat di mainkan di semua kalangan
The best and ready-to-play game camps เว็บบาคาร่า are available for you to come
Ts เว็บบาคาร่า are available for you to come and play to make continuous and huge profits without you having to worry about losing.
Thanks for the great blog. It was quite helpful for me. I am content I discovered this blog site. Thanks for sharing with us,I as well always understand a thing new out of your publish.
บา คา ร่า วอ เลท“
I am surely having fun with your website. You absolutely have some wonderful insight and good stories.บา คา ร่า วอ เลท“
ikarialeanbellyjuice
Wow, What an Outstanding post. I found this too much informatics. It is what I was seeking for. I would like to recommend you that please keep sharing such type of info.If possible, Thanks. satta matka
Whether you are the dump-er or nigoal123 the person being dumped,
I prefer merely excellent resources – you will see these people in: clevescene
Simpleplay ที่นี่คือหีบสมบัติ ที่ทุกคนต้องรีบเข้ามาศึกษา และรีบเข้ามาเปิดเพื่อที่จะได้พบกับ สิ่งที่ตัวเองนั้นค้นหามาโดยตลอด เชื่อว่าทุกคนกำลังค้นหาเส้นทางความสนุก บนโลกออนไลน์
Simpleplay
You have so many benefits from Satta King 786 that you cannot even imagine that you visit our Satta King 786 website, thank you for that. Visit for: Satta king 786
This is quite good.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Market Competitive Landscape
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Market Opportunities
AustraliaAssignmentHelp.com’s professionals can help you with professional assignment writing. Our writers are capable of meeting all of your deadlines because they have extensive expertise completing assignments. Take advantage of our Urgent assignment Help Australia services and avoid the stress of completing the difficult task on your own.
https://blogs.cornell.edu/advancedrevenuemanagement12/2012/03/26/railway-industry-in-france/comment-page-536/#comment-57333
this site has a lot of cool and very helpful information. nft metaverse
Thank you for providing such useful and interesting information.
Patient Handling Equipment Market Forecast
Students frequently have difficulties writing tasks, thus we assist them in writing their assignments to make them more comfortable. If you ever have a problem writing something, you can go to our website Programming Assignment Help for assistance.
Patient Handling Equipment Market Analysis
Well, this got me thinking what other workouts are good for those of us who find ourselves on the road or have limited equipment options. bitmain antminer s19j pro
Amazing! I was searching over search engines and found your blog site. Very Interesting Topic !May your creative journey be smooth and prosperous~
Seo Company Malaysia
Hello. {Great|fantastic|splendid|impressive|magnificent|excellent|remarkable} job. I did not {expect|imagine|anticipate} this. This is a {great|fantastic|splendid|impressive|excellent|remarkable} story. Thanks!… You made certain fine points there. I did a search on the subject matter and found the majority of folks will have the same opinion with your blog…. we buy junk cars
Very good points you wrote here..Great stuff…I think you’ve made some truly interesting points.Keep up the good work. Satta king 786
Whats up, I’ve been ranking the crap out of “cb auto profits”. réparation frm3 BMW mini
It’s actually a cool and helpful piece of info. I’m glad that you simply shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing. Feel free to visit my website; 카지노
Wonderful post! We are linking to this great post on our website. Keep up the good writing. pretty handy stuff, overall I imagine this is really worth a bookmark, thanks Feel free to visit my website; 온라인카지노
I think I have never observed such web journals ever that has finish things with all points of interest which I need. 카지노
This is also a very good post which I really enjoy reading. It is not everyday that I have the possibility to see something like this. Feel free to visit my website;
카지노
thanks a lot for sharing this post..
maps.google.lv/url?q=http://m.isaimini.fun
You actually make it look so easy with your performance but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never comprehend. 온라인카지노
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that I’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks
craigslist posting service
this site is very cool, a lot of useful information in it, check it now 3d metaverse games
We possess a great talent pool who have solid expertise in the Mobile app development company. This aids us to design, develop and deliver astonishing applications that attract a huge number of users.
برای استفاده از مشاوره ها و خدمات حوزه ی دیجیتال مارکتینگ و تولید محتوا به سایت ما مراجعه کنید
ebkingbet Fun that seems to be never-ending.
I wish to show my gratitude for your kindness giving support to folks who have the need for help with in this subject matter. Your personal commitment to passing the solution across was extraordinarily informative and has regularly encouraged guys and women like me to attain their objectives. Your new helpful publication means a whole lot to me and especially to my fellow workers. Many thanks; from everyone of us. Thanks for every one of your labor on this blog. My mother delights in engaging in investigation and it’s simple to grasp why. My spouse and i notice all relating to the dynamic ways you offer functional strategies on your website and invigorate contribution from others on the area of interest while our favorite daughter is learning a whole lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You are conducting a terrific job. I actually wanted to develop a small word to appreciate you for some of the lovely advice you are placing at this website. My time-consuming internet look up has now been paid with awesome tips to go over with my colleagues. I would declare that we visitors are really fortunate to live in a fine network with many lovely individuals with great guidelines. I feel very much blessed to have discovered your web page and look forward to really more cool minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details. ntry파워볼
Thanks for sharing.
Class Notes XYZ
I enjoy you because of your whole work on this web site. Gloria really likes engaging in investigation and it’s obvious why. A number of us hear all about the compelling medium you create precious steps via this web site and even strongly encourage contribution from website visitors on that area then our own child is now starting to learn a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You’re conducting a useful job. I am glad for writing to let you know of the fine experience my friend’s girl had checking your site. She even learned plenty of details, with the inclusion of what it’s like to possess an awesome helping heart to make many others without problems comprehend some impossible things. You truly surpassed people’s expectations. Thanks for producing such helpful, dependable, informative as well as easy tips on that topic to Evelyn. 메이저사이트
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards, คาสิโนออนไลน์
I can set up my new idea from this post. It gives in depth information. Thanks for this valuable information for all,.. reduce image size
The top ten finest Online Business Magazine in India are listed below. Business publications address current events and their impact on companies, investment plans, and industry assessments. Please visit the website for further details.