1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
howdy, your websites are really good. I appreciate your work. prize bond draw
I favor the idea, such a good deal
dell printer support
سنگ و انگشتر فیروزه یکی از اولین گوهرهای زینتی به شمار می رود، قدیمی ترین نمونه این گوهر زیبا در شبه جزیره سینا در مصر یافت شده که دارای قدمتی ۶۰۰۰ سال قبل از میلاد مسیح می باشد. سنگ و انگشتر فیروزه بیش از ۳۰۰۰ سال است که در ایران استخراج می شود و یکی از پر طرفدارترین گوهر ها نزد ایرانیان به شمار می رود. امروزه از سنگ فیروزه در انگشتر نقره، گردنبند، حلقه، گوشواره و … استفاده می شود.
https://www.khasbox.com/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/179/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87
Excellent information providing by your Article thank you for taking the time to share with us such a nice article.
shaw customer support
Excellent information providing by your Article thank you for taking the time to share with us such a nice article.
shaw customer support
Superior post,✅ keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again!
dark market url
Good post but I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this subject? I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit further. Appreciate it! time to watch
That’s why its more practical that you may appropriate study previous to developing. You’ll be able to post more significant posting like this. dark market url
I am glad you take pride in what you write. This makes you stand way out from many other writers that push poorly written content. time to watch
There is noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made sure nice factors in options also Business
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post. jasa seo google map
ฉันสนุกกับมันทุกอย่างแน่นอน เป็นเว็บไซต์ที่ยอดเยี่ยมและการแบ่งปันที่ดี ฉันอยากขอบคุณ. เก่งมาก! พวกคุณสร้างบล็อกที่ยอดเยี่ยมและมีเนื้อหาที่ยอดเยี่ยม ดีแล้วทำต่อไป. แทงบอล
I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your site. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme? Superb work! 먹튀안전업체
ฉันรู้สึกว่าคนจำนวนมากต้องการอ่านสิ่งนี้ข้อมูลที่ดีมาก! คาสิโน
Great initiative to keep kids engaged into activities. 토토사이트
Hey there, You’ve done an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this web site. Best of luck for the next! Please visit my web site totalcal.co.nz. Best Pipette Calibration NZ service provider.
Looking for logo design in London? We’re branding specialists and can provide you with custom logo design that will make your business stand out from your competitors.
London Logo
ข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์ในหัวข้อที่มีผู้สนใจมากมายสำหรับโพสต์ที่ยอดเยี่ยมนี้ชื่นชมเวลาและความพยายามที่คุณใส่ไว้ใน b! .. คาสิโน
In the world of www, there are countless blogs. But believe me, this blog has all the perfection that makes it unique in all. I will be back again and again online receipt
Thanks for sharing superb informations. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles.Please visit my website trailcreekpharmacy.com . Best Euless Pharmacy service provider.
I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. alojamiento web
บทความเด่นมีประโยชน์อย่างยิ่ง! ฉันเริ่มอย่างเงียบ ๆ ในเรื่องนี้และฉันก็เริ่มคุ้นเคยกับมันมากขึ้น! มีความสุขทำต่อไปและน่าประทับใจมากขึ้น คาสิโน
This particular papers fabulous, and My spouse and i enjoy each of the perform that you have placed into this. I’m sure that you will be making a really useful place. I has been additionally pleased. Good perform! best regards
Superior post,✅ keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this!
Free V Bucks
ขอบคุณสำหรับการแบ่งปันข้อมูลนี้ มีประโยชน์และให้ข้อมูลมาก vegus33
D & H (Partnership) Ltd can provide operating theatre lights for all applications, from large surgical lights for general surgery in operating theatre to smaller LED operating theatre lights for emergency rooms and clinical environments.
Operating Theatre Lights
Incredible articles and awesome design. Your blog entry merits the greater part of the positive input it”s been getting. pompa boiler feed pump
I found your this post while searching for information about blog-related research … It’s a good post .. keep posting and updating information. buy web traffic
Superior post,✅ keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this!
Free Robux
Superior post,✅ keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this!
Among Us Mod
I want you to thank for your time of this wonderful read!!! I definately enjoy every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff of your blog a must read blog! Pompa pabrik kelapa sawit
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article…
VoIP Providers UK
Definitely a fantastic publish✅. The information you have provided is actually very worthwhile.
Among Us Mod
What a fantabulous post this has been. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much. Crack Office 2019
This is often at the same time a good present that many of us seriously enjoyed browsing. It’s not at all on a daily basis which i provide the likeliness to check something. 토토사이트
Hello, nice post! Thank you!
SEO Tools, SEO Analysis, SEO Analyzer, SEO Website, website checker, seo tools, website ranking, seo checker, website analytics, website analysis, seo optimizer, site worth, seo site checkup, website analyzer, seo online, seo check, free seo website report, backlink generator
Very good! Thank you!
Stiri, Stiri pe surse, stirile zilei, revista presei, stiri romania, stiri externe, stiri pe surse, sarbatori religioase, stiri de ultima ora, monitorizare presa
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web!.. Social media for adults
This method is usually successfully definitely best option. Every single one connected with incredibly tiny features usually are supposed by using quite a few historical past ability. I might suggest the software program tremendously. 토토사이트
16 December Victory Day (Bijoy Dibosh) is celebrating with Picture, Images, Wallpapaer, Message, Wishes and Status. Visit
Bijoy dibosh 2020 to get more.
That is promotion deals ads for you to handy examine prior writing. It will be easier to write down better site like that. 토토사이트
Happy Victory Day of Bangladesh 2020 (Bijoy Dibosh) Activities, Status, Wishes, Picture and everything you will get on this Website. Just visit and get all Victory Day collection
Bijoy Dibosh 2020 Picture and get all Victory Day collection
https://www.discogs.com/user/chitra.fit.co
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to undertand. Unlike additional blogs I have read which are really not tht good. I also found your posts very interesting. In fact after reading, I had to go show it to my friend and he ejoyed it as well! doberman puppies for sale in pa
Thanks for sharing superb informations. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles.Please visit my website naplesdriverguide.com. Best Car service from Rome airport to Naples service provider.
This Post is providing valuable and unique information; I know that you take a time and effort to make a awesome article 토토사이트추천
A betting site list to play online sports betting in Turkey here, visit immediately. 먹튀
Great Information sharing .. I am very happy to read this article .. thanks for giving us go through info.Fantastic nice. I appreciate this post 토토커뮤니티
Merely a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw outstanding style. 토토사이트
I feel a lot more people need to read this, very good info 먹튀신고