The Eastern Broccoli breeding pipeline is producing some great advances. Here is an inbred line from Mark Farnham’s program photographed in the depth of the South Carolina summer. Exceptional adaptation to Eastern summers in an inbred broccoli from the US Vegetable Laboratory in Charleston, SC. Photographed in mid-July 2016 following weeks of 90+ degree weather. Photo credit: Mark Farnham
In these growing conditions, existing varieties produce heads with significant distortion. Area growers currently don’t harvest until fall to beat the heat. This inbred can be the basis of an expanded production season.
This inbred is a candidate for a public release or protection by a Plant Variety Patent. It would be used as a parental line in a commercial hybrid variety to contribute unprecedented adaptation to the Eastern summer growing conditions. We are working with cooperating seed companies to that end.
That young children dislike broccoli is a commonly held assumption. Many parents know that is entirely untrue, as their small children gobble up the little trees with abandon. USDA offers consumption statistics that help inform this question. It turns out that young children, both boys and girls eat nearly as much broccoli among their vegetables as adults to. The drop occurs with teenagers, particularly boys. Young women start eating broccoli sooner than young men, but it becomes a larger part of their vegetable consumption as they get older. Broccoli consumption by age group. (Source USDA http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-consumption-by-population-characteristics.aspx)
The statistics also show the broccoli consumption is similar among low income, mid-income, and high income consumers. There are small differences in total vegetable consumption among income groups, but not enough to support the common impression that low income consumers are not getting vegetables.
Broccoli consumption is also consistent among weight categories. There is little difference among consumers who are healthy weight, overweight, or obese. Notably, obese children eat slightly more broccoli than their lighter counterparts.
Broccoli is a large share of cooking vegetables eBroccoli consumption by income level. Low,<185% of poverty line; High, >300% of poverty line.(Source http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-consumption-by-population-characteristics.aspx)ven though it constitutes only about 4% of total vegetable consumption. The majority of vegetable consumption (58%) constitutes tomatoes and potatoes, And much of the rest (26%) are salad vegetables. Cooking vegetables constitute the remaining 16%, so broccoli share of those is significant.
At the Eden Valley twilight meeting, Christy Hoepting discussed variety performance with prospective growers in the new packing area of the W.D Henry and Sons.
Later, in the field, the Phase III yield trial showed that the new varieties from the project were holding up well in the heat, where the older varieties were suffering.
Eastern Broccoli Project trials will be on display this week as part of educational events in three states.
On Wednesday, August 19, a production trial will be featured in a Fresh Market Vegetable Twilight Meeting at W.D. Henry and Sons in Eden, NY. As part of the event, which runs from 6 to 8:30 pm, Cornell Vegetable Specialist Christy Hoepting and project director Thomas Björkman will lead a tour and discussion of Eastern Broccoli Project trials.
Also on August 19, Carroll County Virginia Extension Agent Suzanne Slack will host an informational session on growing summer broccoli. The event, which is advertised on the Carroll County Extension Facebook page, takes place at 6 pm on at Light’s Farm in Laurel Fork, VA.
From 8:30 am to 12:30 pm on August 20, broccoli project trials will be part of the Alternative Crops and Organics Research Highlights Tour held by Jeanine Davis and Margaret Bloomquist at North Carolina State University’s research station in Waynesville, NC. See http://ncalternativecropsandorganics.blogspot.com for more information.
Our collaborators at Johnny’s Selected Seed have a nice article on timing brassica planting. The article includes good examples of how different brassicas, including broccoli, modify their development in response to temperature. They mention Imperial as the most summer-tolerant in their line. In our trials, two varities that Johnny’s carries, Imperial and Bay Meadows, are standards that have been the ones to beat.
In the May issue of Produce Business, there is an article on the rapid growth in demand for locally grown vegetables in the southeast. That article is a special box about new varieties. the article highlights broccoli as a key vegetable that has been seeing an effort by regional growers. Powell Smith is quoted about adapting kale production to hot sandy soil, and also noting the sad fact that it has been a decade since Clemson had a vegetable breeding program. Our new collaborator, Tim Coolong at the University of Georgia outlines the many qualities required in varieties for them to thrive in the southeast.
A century ago, growers were also eager for broccoli varieties that could be harvested later into spring and early summer.
Some of the finest strains of late broccoli, however, are not in commerce, being in the hands of market-men, who have been selecting and re-selecting the stock for the last two or three generations, and from whom it is impossible to beg or buy even a single seed. In course of time, however, these will doubtless pass into the seeds men’s hands, when several late strains, later than anything at present in commerce, will be added to our list of useful varieties.
— F. W. Hammond. Pilgrim’s Hatch, Essex.
In The Garden, February 1917.
This article is about white broccoli, which was raised in England in the late 19th and early 20th century. It looked virtually identical to cauliflower but was cold hardy and raised for cold-season harvest. It was typically planted in the spring and harvested in either late fall or early the following spring. Biennial types headed and were harvested in the spring, but had little heat tolerance. Growers eagerly wanted late varieties that could be harvested in May and still look good.
The wholesale produce trade that is present at the New York and London Produce Shows is keenly interested in the economic results coming out of the Eastern Broccoli Project. Prevor writes “[Gómez] has been a superstar in New York, informing, educating and beguiling industry members.”
Miguel will explore the dilemma faced by farmers who are serving their local consumers through farmers markets and CSAs.
The goal is to connect local food systems to the mainstream distribution system. Markets where consumers buy directly from farmers are very limited in terms of volume, availability, and in terms of sustained economic viability for the farmer, who lives only out of these markets.
Margins are very thin, and the markets are easily inundated with excess supply. So the markets are restricted on the amount of farmers that can participate in going direct to consumers.
The concept does not fit the normal narrative for either the farmers market community nor the supermarket community. Therefore, bringing change that benefits consumers, small farmers, and supermarkets will take transdisciplinary assistance of the kind we have been developing in the Eastern Broccoli Project.
Becoming GAP-certified is essential for commercial growers, but the process can seem daunting – where do you start?!
The GAPs Resources page of the Eastern Broccoli website now features an introduction to Good Agricultural Practices for broccoli growers, including reasons to get certified, an overview of the certification process, and a look at broccoli production with GAPs. Please check out the information if you are growing or thinking about growing broccoli but aren’t yet GAP-certified.
We have a new publication, “Localization effects for a fresh vegetable product supply chain: Broccoli in the eastern United States”. This article models how increasing the Eastern broccoli supply will reduce the overall cost of producing broccoli for the US market, and reduces the carbon footprint as well. The predicted flows of product among different Eastern markets is surprisingly complex.
This research was part of the doctoral project of Shadi Attalah, who was a graduate student with Miguel Gómez at the Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell. Shadi is now an assistant professor at Purdue University.
http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1PZUB15oGokQmh This link will provide you with free access to the article through October 9, 2014. After that the cost to access the article is substantial. If the large-scale economic effects of locally grown produce is of interest to you, please take a look.
