Shellfish Aquaculture
Shellfish aquaculture in New York is done for both commercial and restoration purposes. The species being produced are oyster, hard clam, and bay scallop. Ribbed mussel has been produced but the methodology is still being developed for consistent production. There is also on-going research to cultivate freshwater mussels (i.e., Unionids). Generally, the seed (i.e., juvenile shellfish) is produced in a hatchery where adults are spawned during the winter months. It is then distributed to farmers and other organizations that operate grow-out systems to raise the seed to larger sizes. Raising shellfish is great for the environment since it requires no addition of fertilizer or any additives since shellfish acquire all their necessary nutrients from the natural algae found in the water column. The map below shows the location of shellfish farms and hatcheries around Long Island.
Commercial Sector
The commercial sector is experiencing significant revitalization, fueled by growing consumer interest, an increase in demand for sustainable seafood, and innovation spanning the production processes. There are about 45 private oyster farms and 3 private shellfish hatcheries. Commercial shellfish farms are regulated by the NY State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and are only located in waterbodies that are certified by the state to ensure the safe production of a highly sustainable source of protein. The commercial sector predominantly produces oyster, but a few also raise hard clams and some are testing out the viability of raising bay scallops. Most of the farmers are members of the Long Island Oyster Growers Association (LIOGA) which advocates for the interests of oyster farmers across Long Island, serving as a unified voice on regulatory issues and environmental stewardship. You can learn more about the various farmers by visiting the LIOGA website.
Restoration Sector
Shellfish restoration is done primarily by municipalities, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations. Restoration of shellfish is done for many reasons such as habitat creation (e.g., oyster reefs, living shorelines, etc.), water quality improvement projects, and to enhance natural populations supporting wild harvest. This sector also includes research which is crucial to the development and expansion of shellfish aquaculture in New York. This can include the testing of new species, grow-out gear, stocking densities, and adapting restoration methods to be used on commercial operations. Community-engaged restoration projects also create a great opportunity for the public to learn about and participate in shellfish aquaculture. You can learn more about these opportunities by visiting the Community Shellfish Gardening page.
Below is a list of the municipal hatcheries and the non-profits engaged with restoration activities.