1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Interesting blog this. its quite informative article.
스포츠마사지
Prosedur Daftar Judi Bola Sbobet Resmi Terpercaya
Prosedur yang harus kalian lakukan untuk bisa mendaftarkan diri supaya memiliki akun taruhan bola secara online tentu sangatlah mudah. Kalian bisa langsung mengakses situs login sbobet dan bisa mengisi formulir pendaftaran untuk diajukan.
Untuk proses pengajuan atau pendaftaran sangatlah singkat serta cepat apabila yang kalian isi semua data dri kalian benar. Data yang benar dan valid adalah pokok utama yang sangat wajib untuk bisa mendapatkan akun sbobet secara cepat agar bisa memainkan serta login sbobet langsung.
Apabila kalian daftar di agen sbobet resmi maka kalian akan mendapatkan bonus New Member sebesar 20%, salah satu agen terbaik sbobet di Indonesia adalah situs 389Sports dimana kalian akan mendapatkan tempat terbaik untuk memulai berbagai taruhan judi online salah satunya judi bola ini. Gabung sekarang secara gratis nikmati segala fasilitas yang ada di situs agen sbobet resmi dapatkan kemudahan login sbobet hanya dengan satu ID.
Hi there, I simply hopped over in your website by way of StumbleUpon. Now not one thing I’d typically learn, but I favored your emotions none the less. Thank you for making something worth reading. 메이저사이트순위
Hmm… I interpret blogs on a analogous issue, however i never visited your blog. I added it to populars also i’ll be your faithful primer. visit this website
I use only high quality materials – you can see them at: click this page
We are the top leading escort agency provide for a long time.Lucknow Escort We do everything just to make our clients happy when they hire our escort services. Hence we have only High-Profile and VIP Call Girls in Lucknow. They are well educated models who their work properly. https://www.24×7-services.com/lucknow.html
These things are very important, good think so – I think so too… click this page
On my website you’ll see similar texts, write what you think. golf le fleur flower
The most interesting text on this interesting topic that can be found on the net … golf le fleur flower
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. 먹튀사이트
slotxo สล็อตออนไลน์ แจกเครดิตฟรี 1,000 แจกเครดิตไม่อั้น เพียงสมัครสมาชิกใหม่ มาพร้อมระบบฝากถอนที่ง่าย รวมทางเข้าslotxo slotxoฟรีเครดิต ต้อง slotxo24hr slotxo
We are the top leading escort agency provide for a long time.Lucknow Escort We do everything just to make our clients happy when they hire our escort services. Hence we have only High-Profassile and VIP Call Girls in Lucknow. They are well educated models who their work properly. https://www.24×7-services.com/lucknow.html
I just got to this astonishing site in the relatively recent past. The experience was unquestionably astonishing. On the off chance that lone I have the opportunity. Thanks for sharing this informative post with us, Keep sharing it in the future also.
메이저 토토사이트 추천
For those who have just received an invite to a baby shower, the first thought is of finding the most perfect and unique baby shower gift around. To make life easier
안전놀이터
Halloween Makeup Artist mobile events London Halloween
Salah satu permainan yang sangat seru dan sudah lama ada yaitu slot deposit pulsa karena memang ini merupakan salah satu permainan yang sangat mudah untuk dimainkan dan banyak orang yang menyukai ataupun sangat menggemari permainan slot deposit pulsa, hal ini disebabkan karena mudah untuk dimainkan dan tentu sangat seru dan simple, kesimplena dari slot deposit pulsa yang membuat orang tidak pernah bosan untuk memainkannya
This is very useful, although it will be important to help simply click that web page link: poker online
Everything you need to know about News is very much important to us. 2d 3d Animation Services
Wonderful experience while reading your blog.
Real Black Magic
Succeed! It could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on the subject. Excellent info! I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort very well. Thanks for the huge help. safe deposit locker
Nice Post, Please visit my Website f2fkoin
When I initially commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Thank you!| 그래프게임
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your fantastic post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!|… , I think every one is getting more from this web site, and your views are pleasant designed for new visitors. 그래프게임
Your website is the right blogging platform. It is such a good article! ?
Rohani ilaj for love Marriage
I check your blog again and again. Best of luck for your new article.
Black Magic Specialist Maulana Ji
I am very thankful to you for providing such a great information. It is simple but very accurate information.
Astrology consultancy
Happy reading this article.? One of the most important information for me.
Best spiritual healers
This is such a nice article. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge. Keep it up.
Web Hosting Company in Jaipur
I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. 88카
Find the best essays on is my friend’s profile page. nursing school test bank
We have followed the case from the very beginning, even travelling to the place where it’s thought the boy may have been born, in an effort to find out what really happened.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านนาเหนือ
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. airport transfer london
Council workers found bizarre, ritualistic objects in her home. At a court hearing to take the children into care, the woman – Joyce Osagiede – told a story of cults, killings and of sacrifices.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนไทยรัฐวิทยา 88
Detectives believed the mixture was given to Adam before his throat was cut. It would have left him paralysed and helpless, but still aware of what was happening to him.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านร่องเจริญ
You really should take part in a tournament for starters of the best blogs on-line. I am going to recommend this great site! network cable tester
Joyce treated the boy as if he was a “necessary evil to her” says Ria. “[It was] like she had to drag him along with her because maybe she didn’t want to let him out of her eyesight or like she took him along so he wouldn’t have to be on his own.”
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนวัดเพ็ญญาติ
Thank you for bestowing this information which will enlighten many of us. I appreciate that you produced this wonderful article to help us get more knowledge about this topic.
3 PL Solutions Saudi Arabia
Hey thank you!!! I was seeking for the particular information for long time. Good Luck ?
Powerful Vashikaran specialist in India
Twenty years on, I wish we knew the identity of Adam – and his parents. In reality, he is a missing child from a family, who probably don’t know he’s buried here in London.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านโป่งกระทิงล่าง
I have seen some great stuff here. Worth bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to create such a great informative website. Your work is truly appreciated around the clock and the globe. 먹튀검증
Mehdi Taremi’s header briefly gave the hosts heart but Roberto Firmino added the fourth for Liverpool with home goalkeeper Diogo Costa stranded after woefully charging up the pitch to attempt to clear.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านโป่งกระทิงล่าง
Jordan Henderson making his 400th appearance for the visitors was excellent, demanding the ball at every opportunity and combining his defensive duties with some intelligent passing and movement to set Liverpool on the attack.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านโป่งกระทิงล่าง
Jordan Henderson making his 400th appearance for the visitors was excellent, demanding the ball at every opportunity and combining his defensive duties with some intelligent passing and movement to set Liverpool on the attack.
อ่านต่อเพิ่มเติม โรงเรียนบ้านโป่งกระทิงล่าง
Very good and weighty article, I hope you can share information like this again, I will be happy to read and share your article. slot deposit pulsa
The price of railway tickets are slight costly, it should be cheaper then before.
Assignment Help Pro is the best one, dealing with assignment writing, thesis writing, dissertation writing, essay writing, case study, homework writing, coursework writing, etc. We have the best Australian professional helpers who can help you to achieve A+ Grades in your courses. Get Assignment Help Adelaide from an Australian assignment writing provider as per your need.
I was reading your article and wondered if you had considered creating an ebook on this subject. Your writing would sell it fast. You have a lot of writing talent. seo consultant singapore
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. instagram display picture downloader
it was a wonderful chance to visit this kind of site and I am happy to know. thank you so much for giving us a chance to have this opportunity.. M88
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing websites that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. It is the old what goes around comes around routine. Ducted calculator