by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

163,848 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  2. The Torrez Market is an online drug and criminal forum that were launched in 2020, right before the global economic crisis started. The Dark Web is basically a vast array of websites that are not necessarily legitimate but are rather run by criminal organizations that want to make money from people who visit these websites. It is very important that you protect yourself when using the internet and in particular when you come across Torrez links. In this article I will explain how you can protect yourself from the dangers of the Torrez Dark Market. https://torrez-market.com/

  3. فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای
    مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای جهت تبادل حرارت بین دو یا چند سیال استفاده می شود. مبدل‌های حرارتی صفحه ای معمولا در فرآیندهای سرمایش و گرمایش کاربرد دارد. از مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای در تاسیسات و تهویه مطبوع، صنایع تبرید، نفت و گاز و پتروشیمی، نیروگاه‌های تولید برق و… استفاده می شود. مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای وسیله ای است که گرما را از یک محیط جذب کرده و گرمای جذب شده را به محیط دیگر منتقل می‌کند. مبدل‌های حرارتی صفحه ای به دو دسته تماس مستقیم و تماس غیرمستقیم تقسیم می شوند.
    مزایا مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای:
    نرخ بالای انتقال حرارت در حدود 3 تا 6 برابر مبدل های پوسته لوله
    کاهش اختلاف دمای خروجی
    وزن سبک و اشغال فضا کم
    عدم رسوب گذاری
    انعطاف پذیری
    امکان استفاده جهت سیالات با ویسکوزیته بالا
    افزایش کنترل بر عملکرد به دلیل ساختار موثر
    کاهش هزینه تعمیر و نگهداری
    تولید کننده مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای:
    کارخانه تولید مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای مهتاب گستر، با پشتوانه چندین سال تجربه مدیران آن در زمینه تولید انواع مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای با بهره گیری از جدید ترین فن آوری های روز دنیا، با کیفیت ترین مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای را تولید و ارائه می نماید و با بهره گیری از دانش روز و مساعدت مشتریان گرامی درصدد پیشرفت و نوآوری روزافزون می باشیم.کارشناسان فروش مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای مهتاب گستر همیشه برای کمک به شما عزیزان در خدمت هستند. آن ها تجربه گسترده ای در زمینه تولید مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای برای طیف گسترده ای از بخش ها دارند. برای راهنمایی یا اطلاعات بیشتر در خصوص تولید مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای و استعلام قیمت مبدل حرارتی صفحه ای به سایت مهتاب گستر مراجعه نمایید. برای راهنمایی و پشتیبانی با تیم متخصص مهتاب گستر در تماس باشید.

  4. Superior post, keep up with this exceptional work. It’s nice to know that this topic is being also covered on this web site so cheers for taking the time to discuss this! Thanks again and again! GGezBikeco Kawasaki

  5. Why couldn’t I have the same or similar opinions as you? T^T I hope you also visit my blog and give us a good opinion
    야동

  10. Excellent information on your blog, thank you for taking the time to share with us. Amazing insight you have on this, it’s nice to find a website that details so much information about different artists gucci

  11. ac repair st cloud fl

    St. Cloud Florida Air Conditioning Company | Air Conditioner Repair in St. Cloud Florida | St. Cloud Florida Heat Pump Repair and Installation. Free AC Replacement Estimate

  13. After study just a few of the weblog posts on your web site now, and I actually like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website checklist and will be checking again soon. Pls try my web page as well and let me know what you think. เกมสล็อต

  14. ac repair st cloud fl

    St. Cloud Florida Air Conditioning Company | Air Conditioner Repair in St. Cloud Florida | St. Cloud Florida Heat Pump Repair and Installation. Free AC Replacement Estimate…

  15. Through the assistance of this image, you will have the thought regarding the gathering that was held when all is said in done get together. In view of certain reasons this connection will manage each client with the goal that they can give the suggestions in regards to the new recognizable ways. Taxi Haarlem

  17. It is a good site post without fail. Not too many people would actually, the way you just did. I am impressed that there is so much information about this subject that has been uncovered and you’ve defeated yourself this time, with so much quality. Good Works! Maldives honeymoon packages

  18. It is a good site post without fail. Not too many people would actually, the way you just did. I am impressed that there is so much information about this subject that has been uncovered and you’ve defeated yourself this time, with so much quality. Good Works! Maldives honeymoon packages

  20. I had honestly best concluded to help make an important blog site, i usually hold recently been low quality in an attempt to achieve just for time on. Appreciates in addition to clear up, this is often functional! poker88asia

  21. ac repair st cloud fl

    St. Cloud Florida Air Conditioning Company | Air Conditioner Repair in St. Cloud Florida | St. Cloud Florida Heat Pump Repair and Installation. Free AC Replacement Estimate..//

  25. Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. Well this article that i’ve been waited for so long. I need this article to complete my assignment in the college, and it has same topic with your article. Thanks, great share. Maldives honeymoon packages

  33. 토토사이트 Very useful post. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. Really its great article. Keep it up.

  35. It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read even more things about it! joker 88

  36. Good website! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day! joker 777

  37. Excellent blog right here! Additionally your website a lot up very fast! What web host are you the usage of? Can I am getting your affiliate hyperlink on your host? I want my website loaded up as quickly as yours lol 야동

  38. Thanks for picking out the time to discuss this, I feel great about it and love studying more on this topic. It is extremely helpful for me. Thanks for such a valuable help again. บาคาร่า

  39. It is my first visit to your blog, and I am very impressed with the articles that you serve. Give adequate knowledge for me. Thank you for sharing useful material. I will be back for the more great post. บาคาร่า

  40. I’m not sure where you’re getting your information, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for great information I was looking for this info for my mission.

    오피

  41. “Excellent blog you have here.. It’s difficult to find quality writing like yours nowadays. I really appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
    I could not refrain from commenting. Exceptionally well written.”

    마사지

  42. Hey, I am so thrilled I found your blog, I am here now and could just like to say thank for a tremendous post and all round interesting website. Please do keep up the great work. I cannot be without visiting your blog again and again. บาคาร่า

  43. I am always looking for some free kinds of stuff over the internet. There are also some companies which give free samples. But after visiting your blog, I do not visit too many blogs. Thanks. บาคาร่า

  46. Thanks for an interesting blog. What else may I get that sort of info written in such a perfect approach? I have an undertaking that I am just now operating on, and I have been on the lookout for such info. สล็อต999

  47. This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. facebook ads tips

  50. I seriously love your site.. Very nice colors & theme. Did you create this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m trying to create my very own site and would like to learn where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks. 먹튀커뮤니티

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *