1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
看護学校受験アシストでは、社会人の看護専門学校の合格に向けて、合格者の願書志願動機や合格者の面接の返事・小論文の添削文章を公開しています。業界唯一の情報と資料を誇りますので、社会人の方はぜひ参考にしてください
看護学校 自己推薦書
I have added and shared your site to my social media accounts to send people back to your site because I am sure they will find it extremely helpful too. สมัครสล็อต
Everything has its own value, but this is really precious information✅ shared by Author of
Cincinnati Bounce
It is quite beneficial, although think about the facts when it reaches this target เว็บสล็อต
“`I like viewing web sites which comprehend the price of delivering the excellent useful resource free of charge. I truly adored reading your posting. Thank you!
Excellent read, Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work.
” เว็บสล็อต
You actually make it appear really easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I believe I might never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I’m taking a look forward for your next post, I will try to get the cling of it! Bohemian Jewelry
This was a really great contest and hopefully I can attend the next one. It was alot of fun and I really enjoyed myself.. merchant services sales jobs
I’ve been troubled for several days with this topic. 온라인포커, But by chance looking at your post solved my problem! I will leave my blog, so when would you like to visit it?
Great post! I am actually getting ready to across this information, is very helpful my friend. Also great blog here with all of the valuable information you have. Keep up the good work you are doing here. 토토사이트
First of all, I would like to thank you for writing this article. I’m trying to make an article by citing your article.먹튀신고
Great article with excellent idea! I have bookmarked your site since this site contains important data in it. I am truly content with articles quality and introduction바카라사이트
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web! 바카라사이트
I have bookmarked your blog, the articles are way better than other similar blogs.. thanks for a great blog! buy oxycodone
I read your blog frequently and I just thought I’d say keep up the amazing work! merchant sales rep
I’m not sure where you’re getting your info, but great topic. I needs to spend a while learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for great information I was on the lookout for this information for my mission. British shorthair kittens for sale
“I just couldn’t leave your website before telling you that I truly enjoyed the top quality info you present to your visitors? Will be back again frequently to check up on new posts.
” All Bangla Newspaper
I’m going to read this. I’ll be sure to come back. thanks for sharing. and also This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article.. All Bangla Newspaper
I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. Unlike other blogs I have read which are really not that good.Thanks alot! All Bangla Newspaper LIVE
it is good to read an amazing write write for us sports
You made such an interesting piece to read, giving every subject enlightenment for us to gain knowledge. Thanks for sharing the such information with us to read this… รีวิวเว็บแทงบอล
https://www.deviantart.com/rree64/art/Pisuar-ve-Ara-Bolmeler-873132328
اگر شما هم به فکر خرید نهال گردو، و توسعه کسب و کار خود به عنوان یک کشاورز و یا سرمایه گذار در حوزه نهال و گردو میباشید؛ این مطلب را دنبال کنید تا لیست قیمت ۱۴ نوع نهال گردو را برای شما ارائه کنیم.
https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5170140/%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%88-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B9%DB%B9
Thank you for the update, very nice site.. Joker gaming
Fabulous post✅ you have denoted out some fantastic points regarding✅
rental mobil banyuwangi
I likewise think this s a very wonderful website✅ and have all the information related to ✅..
https://www.dsci.co.id/
Great work✅ This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. I also have some information related to on my website✅
supplier case hp
Hello, I’ve been working with the target db for over 5 years with the work team.
We will always try to profit from sales and marketing with the latest DB.
If you contact us anytime 24 hours a day, we will be kindly consulted.
Here is my web site … 디비판매
Watch India Wali Maa Apne Tv Serial Video All Episodes Online, Sony Tv Drama India Wali Maa Today new episode free at MX Player, Desi Serial 디비
Why couldn’t I have the same or similar opinions as you? T^T I hope you also visit my blog and give us a good opinion.먹튀검증
I will bookmark this site and come to it from time to time. Your writing has been of great help to me.먹튀신고
I’m excited to uncover this page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly fantastic read !! I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you saved to fav to look at new information in your site. flour sieve
You ought to basically fantastic not to mention solid advice, which means notice: Houses for rent in Abuja
Thank you so much for sharing all this wonderful info with the how-to’s!!!! It is so appreciated!!! You always have good humor in your posts. So much helpful and easy to read! Impressive. Your story always bring hope and new energy. Keep up the good work. A full-stack developer is an individual that works with all the levels of internet development, which involves business logic, data modeling, MVC, API, user experience, user interface, understanding the requirements of customers and enterprise, and even more.
Full stack training in Nagpur
https://www.sevenmentor.com/full-stack-classes-in-nagpur
I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made in composing this article. I am trusting the same best work from you later on too.. 메이저놀이터모음
Incredible things you’ve generally imparted to us. Simply continue to compose this sort of posts.The time which was squandered in going for educational cost now it very well may be utilized for studies.Thanks 먹튀검증
Wonderful illustrated information. I thank you about that. No doubt it will be very useful for my future projects. 메이저사이트
Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post. 먹튀폴리스
What a thrilling post, you have pointed out some excellent points, I as well believe this is a superb website. I have planned to visit it again and again.
토토사이트
I read your web journal every now and again and I just thought I’d say keep up the astounding work! 바카라사이트
Great knowledge, do anyone mind merely reference back to it 안전놀이터추천
Wow, What a Excellent post. I really found this to much informatics. It is what i was searching for.I would like to suggest you that please keep sharing such type of info.Thanks CryptoTab Browser Pro Apk
This is a great post. I like this topic.This site has lots of advantage.I found many interesting things from this site. It helps me in many ways.Thanks for posting this again. รีวิวเว็บพนันบอลดีที่สุด
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. legit online dispensary shipping worldwide
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. CryptoTab Browser Pro Apk
It’s really a fantastic website, thanks for sharing. There’s no doubt i would fully rate it after i read what the idea about this article is
صيانة الاجهزة المنزلية
That is really attention-grabbing, You are an overly professional blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and sit up for looking for extra of your wonderful post. Additionally, I have shared your site in my social networks 먹튀폴리스보증업체
With the advancement of entertainment facilities online, the online slot games are getting an increased patronage from people from all walks of life. Because of the availability of varied choices in online slots, it stands at the top, when compared to other sources of entertainment. There exist umpteen number of slot online which are being offered by several facilitators of slot software. Also, the regular updates and reviews on the latest games enable the players to choose the best slot game from the existing as well as the latest games. สล็อต
Interesting topic for a blog. I have been searching the Internet for fun and came upon your website. Fabulous post. Thanks a ton for sharing your knowledge! It is great to see that some people still put in an effort into managing their websites. I’ll be sure to check back again real soon. TL Pro Apk
Arztkittel für Damen
Thanks for providing recent updates regarding the concern, I look forward to read more. TocaLife World Mod Apk