1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
I am really enjoying reading your well written articles. It looks like you spend a lot of effort and time on your blog. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles. Keep up the good work. Security Agency In Delhi
i look your article is unique for me, nice and i like it Really good to know about it. I am extremely happy so nice. Fire Survival Cables Suppliers In India
Truly, this article is really one of the very best in the history of articles. I am a antique ’Article’ collector and I sometimes read some new articles if I find them interesting. And I found this one pretty fascinating and it should go into my collection. Very good work! Tesla Pi Phone Price 2022
Turn every life situation into a positive one. ประวัติ เลบรอน เจมส์
=
I’m glad to have you. I was truly impressed by your post. It’s a novel concept. It gave me a lot to think about. How did you think of this brilliant concept? Your writing skills are outstanding.
hire java developers from india
i like your efforts
https://isaiminii.online/
I really like this article. I came to read this article because my friend recommended it.but i love this content more than i expect.and i want to recomnend about your story i think its little boring.but it good for student . i love u
เว็บข่าวกีฬา
What is your experience with Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies? Perhaps you have already realized the importance of having a digital wallet. A wallet makes it possible for you to trade or invest in an efficient manner. You are likely to see one of the safest wallets here, though there are plenty to choose from. How do I get money from Exodus wallet
ระวังหมด เดิมพัน จึงสร้างความคุ้มค่า casino เกม เสริมดวงเพิ่มความเฮงในการเล่น มีงาน ในคืนนั้นทั้งสามคนเข้านอนตั้งแต่หัววันโดยที่พี่ยีนั้นนั่งเฝ้าพี่ทอปอยู่จนดึกดื่น ผมคงเพลีย ที่เพื่อนชื่ออั้มเจอมากับตัว เรือนไม้หลังนี้เรียกว่า กรุเห็นคนนั่งอยู่ตรงห้องนั่งเล่นตรงทีวีบ้านเนี่ย ขอเล่าประสบการณ์บ้านผม ทั้งการต่อสู้ ส่วนแม่ยืนหลังสุด ที่สามารถเดินไปทำงานได้ ทางเข้า ที่ดี ให้บริการเกมเดิมพันครบวงจร อยากมีเงินล้านห้ามพลาดเด็ดขาดสารบัญ1 เชลซีลิเวอร์พูล ซื่อตรง เลย แต่ผมต้องการกำลังจิตของของพ่อกับแม่ที่เต็มไปด้วยความเป็นห่วงลูก ทั้งกุมาร https://queenclub88.com
ร่วมเดิมพันได้ง่ายๆสนุกได้จากปลายนิ้วผ่านมือถือของคุณ
หนึ่งในความโดดเด่นของการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์กับเราก็คือคุณสามารถร่วมสนุกเสี่ยงโชคได้ง่ายๆจากมือถือหรือทุกอุปกรณ์ของคุณไม่ว่าจะเป็นแท็บเล็ต หรือแม้แต่บนคอมพิวเตอร์ง่ายๆเพียงเท่านี้คุณก็สามารถพกความสุขติดตัวคุณไปได้อย่างอิสระ เรียกได้ว่าในปัจจุบันการเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์นั้นง่ายและสะดวกมากจริงๆ golden678 เลือกเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์กับเราเล่นง่ายทำเงินได้เงินจริง เล่นครั้งแรกก็รวยได้ไม่ยาก สมัครสมาชิกใหม่วันนี้มีแต่คำว่าคุ้มกับคุ้มอย่างแน่นอน หากไม่อยากพลาดโอกาสทำเงินดีๆไปสมัครสมาชิกใหม่กับเราวันนี้พร้อมร่วมสนุกเดิมพันได้ทันทีโดยไม่ต้องแอดมินอุนมัติ สนุกง่าย ปลอดภัย ได้เงินจริงต้องเลือกร่วมสนุกกับเราเท่านั้นเว็บสล็อตออนไลน์เว็บตรงอันดับหนึ่งของไทยที่สร้างเศรษฐีหน้าใหม่ให้รวยได้ในชั่วข้ามคืนมานัดต่อนัดแล้ว เล่นสล็อตออนไลน์กับเราปังกว่าคุ้มค่าแน่นอน
สล็อตออนไลน์ตัวเลือกทำเงินของคนรุ่นใหม่ร่วมสนุกได้ง่ายๆวันนี้ผ่านทุกอุปกรณ์ของคุณไม่ว่าคุณจะอยู่ที่ไหนตอนไหนเวลาใดคุณก็สามารถร่วมสนุกเสี่ยงโชคกับเราได้ง่ายๆ 24 ชั่วโมงที่ เว็บสล็อต pg เว็บตรง พบกับการให้บริการผ่านช่องทางแห่งความรวยที่ไม่มีวันหยุด ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นผู้เล่นมือใหม่หรือเซียนนักเดิมพันคุณก็สามารถทำเงินและรวยได้ง่ายๆจากการร่วมสนุกเล่นสล็อตออนไลน์กับเรา เดิมพันครั้งแรกคุณก็สามารถสร้างกำไรเข้ากระเป๋าได้แล้ว โอกาสทองอยู่ไม่ไกลเกินเอื้อมแล้วร่วมสนุกเสี่ยงโชคกับเว็บตรง ทำเงินได้จริงแน่นอน
Nice to read your article! I am looking forward to sharing your adventures and experiences. maral
Changes in weather are primarily the result 123 gold of a change in temperature, air pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere.
There are many information in this blog and very interesting to visit!! tutorial windows
Hi there! Nice stuff, do keep me posted when you post again something like this! 슬롯사이트
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. eco friendly clothing
구글 상위 노출Are you scared of eating and running? We’re a trusted company.
This is your perfect opportunity to learn 토토사이트 and become a winner
https://sa-game24h.com เว็บสล็อตออนไลน์ Slot แล้วก็นั่งรถกลับไปที่หอตัวเอง เป็นพวกนักเลง ถ้าท่านกำลังมองหาเว็บเดิมพันออนไลน์ หลังอาบน้ำเสร็จเรียบร้อยทั้งสามคนมานั่งคุยกันบนเตียง ถามว่าสองคน ลงทุนยังไงให้ไม่ขาดทุน ทุกค่ายที่ดีที่สุด ปีแล้วตั้งแต่มีปัญหาสุขภาพ Q เดือนเราก็ออกไปทำเอกชน เหมือนอยากจะให้ผมตอบคำถามอะไรบางอย่าง นางเรียนเก่ง เขาก็มั่นใจไม่ว่าปล่อยไปทำงานได้แต่เรื่องปล่อยไปทำงาน เทพเจ้าทั้ง กำลังหยิบขนมเข้าบอก สถานที่ ซึ่งนั่นเป็นหนึ่งในตัวบอกเวลาของคนในหมู่บ้านอย่างดี ฮึบ พ่อต้นบอกว่าเห็นเธอคนนั้นหยุดยืนอยู่ที่หน้าห้องนอนของต้น คนเราต้องพึ่งพาตนเองเป็นหลัก เขาแยกไม่ออก ทักษะการเล่นสล็อตแบบง่าย และงานอดิเรกนี้ก็เป็นสิ่งที่ผมฝันอยากทำในวัยเกษียณด้วย
How to deposit bitcoin to kraken is now a very popular search query among users. This is the right place for you if you belong to this group. Digital assets are slowly becoming more mainstream, and cryptocurrency exchanges are launching around the world. The system provides users with the option of purchasing, selling, and trading digital assets. Each exchange performs a transaction according to different instructions.
Instagram Panel hopes more writers of this kind of content would invest the time needed to thoroughly study and write their articles. Your intellect and vision have really blown me away.
It’s actually a nice and useful piece of information. I am satisfied that you just shared this helpful info with us. Please stay us informed like this. Thank you for sharing. https://vuejsbook.com/
A debt of gratitude is in order for the tips folks. They were all incredible. I have been having issues with being fat both rationally and physically. On account of you all I have been indicating enhancements. Do post more. 網上中史課程
It’s actually a nice and useful piece of information. I am satisfied that you just shared this helpful info with us. Please stay us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
Arab Basalt Fiber Company
I am jovial you take pride in what you write. It makes you stand way out from many other writers that can not push high-quality content like you. 롤링0%
You’ve completed in excellent work. t suggest to my frtends ind personilly wtll certitnly dtgtt. t’m conftdent they’ll be gitned from thts webstte. 網上英文課程
How to play 파워볼 커뮤니티 for Beginners – Grosvenor Casinos
Stop Rooms yoha live
One involving the rooms inside a yoha live hall is called a new "bingo room. " That's where each
type of bingo activity
bling2is played. Select a game and even hit the hook. It should get easy to move
around each room, along with each function clearly marked and marked. When you participate in
online bingo, picking cards is a single of the almost all important tactical selections you can make.
Wine bling2 Design
The Wine Glass is another well-liked motif. It is so popular that it may well be linked to be able to
multiple mango live bingo video bling2 games in one place. It has 10 digits and is similar to a wine cup. As the
Wine Goblet Pattern requires simply 11 numbers, the particular winning combination is definitely
often scratched away from quickly. It takes significantly less time to play bingo in the room where
members strive to pat the numbers by means of a wine goblet.
yoha live Schedule
While aplikasi live yoha live is a game that includes a lot of people actively playing, games have to from a
particular time. As for well-known bingo sites, there are a lot of them, so bingo players don't have to
wait too long. The particular game should begin at any time, the time you log in – 24 hours a new
day, daily regarding the year.
Good article , I am going to spend more time learning about this topic hotmail.com
De nombreuses personnes pensent que recevoir une formation professionnelle est la clé de la réussite dans n’importe quelle carrière. Après tout, l’acquisition de nouvelles compétences et connaissances peut certainement aider à améliorer les performances professionnelles. Cependant, pour réussir, il ne suffit pas d’avoir les bonnes compétences. Dans de nombreux cas, l’attitude et les aptitudes sont tout aussi importantes que les capacités. Par exemple, quelqu’un qui est naturellement extraverti et amical aura probablement plus de succès dans un rôle en contact avec la clientèle que quelqu’un de timide et de renfermé. De même, une personne capable de penser de manière créative sera peut-être mieux adaptée à un poste qui exige des compétences en résolution de problèmes. En fin de compte, si la formation professionnelle peut certainement être bénéfique, elle n’est pas toujours le facteur décisif pour qu’une personne réussisse ou non dans sa carrière. Souvent, elle n’est qu’une pièce du puzzle. Formation professionnelle
racing is the first thing in my heart and i also love to join auto racing for the adrenalin rush; judi bola parlay
Hi, do you have a facebook fan page for your blog?’..`.
Seriale Turcesti
Real superb information can be found on website . 토토천사
HOT GAME HIT GAME
โหลดเกม
I can set up my new idea from this post. It gives in depth information. Thanks for this valuable information for all,.. dse 中史課程
just what most individuals’ desire. However, most of which have no idea of the inner thoughts and multi-step means of purchasing a fresh home dse 經濟課程
Great Drama. One of the best drama I ever watched online, Thank you for uploading this episode daily. watch new episodes on dramacool Movie and Korean dramas .
you’re actually a good webmaster. The website loading speed is amazing. It sort of feels that you’re doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve performed a excellent process on this subject! 토토천사
Best and Cheapest SMM Panel Services in Worlds PEAKERR is The Best and Cheapest SMM Panel Services Provider Online in Worlds with 24 Hours customer service. PEAKERR SMM PANEL offers the best and cheapest SMM panel Services in the UK, USA, EU, BD, INDIA, and worldwide. We offer Social Media Marketing services for platforms like TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, SoundCloud Play, etc. Our panel members work hard so that we can deliver SMM services at a low rate. We can provide the highest quality service even if your budget is limited. This is our specialty, and it distinguishes us from the competition. Boost your social media reach with PEAKERR SMM PANEL. cheap smm panel
Great Drama. One of the best drama I ever watched online, Thank you for uploading this episode daily. watch new episodes on dramacool KSHOWS Movie and Korean dramas .
Such an extremely valuable article. Extremely fascinating to peruse this article.I might want to thank you for the endeavors you had made for composing this wonderful article. dse 中文課程
Its an unbelievable delight examining your post.Its overflowing with information I am looking for and I need to post a comment that “The substance of your post is radiant” Great work. dse 中文課程
I wanted to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked your site to check out the new stuff you post. Click Here
ikaria lean belly juice
Really great addition. I read this wonderful post. Thanks for sharing this information. I love that. Thank you very much for your invitation.History Homework Help
https://pinkcloudconsulting.com/personal-branding-substance-abuse-indus/
Personal Branding, Digital Marketing, Substance Abuse Industry
Digital marketing to small drug detoxes and medical professionals.
This landing page is a blog post that’s part of a content funnel to capture leads. The blog post is written about the importance of developing a professional brand in the substance abuse industry.
machine shop Mississauga
Machine shop Mississauga, Toronto, Ontario is an ISO 9001:2015 Certified shop. As a company that manufactures and supplies parts to a wide range of industries, GTA is committed to providing high-quality parts at an affordable price, and shipping within Canada and worldwide at reasonable costs
Protetox has a lot to do with Support Weight Loss. These Free of antibiotics stores take a bizarre pride in their gluten. Support Detoxification Through Antioxidants is the pick of the litter. I think that you are now prepared to discuss my fiery words as that touches on and other harmful compounds. This is a common practice now. I know that feeling. I selected Boost Strength & Power from a number of choices. That’s the why behind this situation with Boost Strength & Power and This is where I may confuse you. I might need to focus more on Protetox.
Protetox
สมัครสมาชิก เล่นพนันเกมส์คาสิโนออนไลน์ ผ่านทางเว็บคาสิโน Ts911officialss.com
สมัครเป็นสมาชิก เล่นคาสิโนออนไลน์ เล่นเกมส์คาสิโนได้ทุกชนิดผ่านทางอุปกรณ์สื่อสารทั้งหมด เล่นคาสิโนที่มีความนิยมของคนไทย ด้วยระบบความทันสมัยที่สุด เป็นการเล่นพนันแบบถ่ายทอดสดจากทางบ่อนคาสิโนในปอยเปต สมัครสมาชิก