by

Railway Industry in France

TGV 1

1. Industry Overview:

In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train.  SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.

>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en

Types of Train in France:

01-TGV

02-Lunea

03-Teoz

04-TER

06-Intercites

Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:

– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed

– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel

– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed

– Low marginal cost and high production cost

– Product can be sold in advance

– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.

However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.

– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)

– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats

———

 2. Space

Railway industry defines space implicitly.

Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.

 Economy Class:
01-Class2
 Comfort Class:

01-Class 1

Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.

01-TGV Bar

For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.

Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.

I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.

——

3. Time

Railway industry defines time implicitly.

Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.

However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively.  Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.

>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html

The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated.  Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.

——–

4. Price

Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.

Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.

Price at 1 week before departure
01-Price-1st class-10AM-1wk

Price at 2 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-2wk

Price at 3 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-3wk

Price at 4 weeks before departure

01-Price-1st class-10AM-4wk

Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.

The physical rate fences are the classes:
01-Booking-Class

 

The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty

01-Booking-Rate Fences-1

01-Booking-Rate Fences-2

01-Booking-Rate Fences-3

01-Booking-Rate Fences-4

As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.

 

(-Thao Ly)

——–

References:

http://www.raileurope.com

http://www.tgv-europe.com

http://www.sncf.co.uk/

Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods

Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry

 

162,912 thoughts on “Railway Industry in France”

  1. I had been honored to obtain a call from a friend as he found the important guidelines shared on the site. Browsing your blog post is a real wonderful experience. Thanks again for thinking of readers like me, and I hope for you the best of achievements as being a professional discipline. Royal Pitch

  2. Sitemizde yer verdiğimiz deneme bonusu veren siteler listesinden deneme bonusunuzu alarak sizde bahis sitesinin nasıl olduğunu rahatlıkla anlayabilir ve kafanıza yatması durumunda paranızı yatırarak bahis oynamaya başlayabilirsiniz. Kullanıcılar bir sayfanın ne kadar büyük olduğu içeriğinden anlayabilir. Çok basit bir içerik varsa o sayfaya kimse kolay güvenmez.
    Web : https://eccetasarim.com/

  4. What is stressthem.bz? Our service is intended for customers who want to test their servers or websites, or for system administrators. It is very useful for checking weak server zones, and thus you can understand how your website is being protected on DDOS attacks. You can be booting your website or the site of your client for strength, as we have a big channel, with a huge network bandwidth, and many different protocols for an effective stress test, or as they say “booter”. If you are tired of spending your money on IP and Website-Stresser, which is not effective and does not give the load, our team is ready to help you! Our IP Stresser is one of the best on the market, use the booter with us and you will never be disappointed. The Best Booter We offer you powerful servers, with high bandwidth, that create a stress-test (for your servers and sites). All stress tests are included instantly and the result is 100% guaranteed. You don’t have to wait, you just set the settings and time in seconds or minutes and it is done! stressthem.bz

  7. Real Estate Rhode Island we’ve represented numerous individual and corporate clients in the dynamic, competitive real estate market of Rhode Island. Our passion for excellence and real estate motivates us to exceed expectations and go the extra mile for every client.

  8. Satta King fast you can get results in Satta King fast. Free to check results. You’ll simply check them. You will check the result from any device. You check from a mobile or a laptop computer It depends on you. If you are the lucky winner then you will get a cash payment amount.

  9. สล็อตpgเว็บตรง หากพูดถึงสล็อตเว็บตรงไหนที่สามารถหาเงินได้ง่ายไม่ยุ่งยากหลายๆท่านก็ต้องนึกถึงสล็อตpgเว็บตรงซึ่งเป็นตัวเกมที่ไม่ว่าใครก็สามารถหาเงินได้ง่ายๆ ไม่ต้องทำอะไรหลายขั้นตอนให้ยุ่งยากสล็อตpgเว็บตรงนั้นจัดได้ว่าเป็นค่ายเกมสล็อตpgที่มีผู้เล่นมากมายนับไม่ถ้วนมีนักลงทุนจากทั่วทุกมุมโลกได้เข้ามาลงทุนกับสล็อตpgเว็บตรงนี้หลายๆคนอาจจะคิดว่าเกมสล็อตpgเว็บตรงนี้อาจะเข้ายากแต่ท่านคิดผิดเกมสล็อตpgนี้ไม่ได้เข้ายากอย่างที่คิด ทางเข้าpgท่านสามารถเข้าได้ง่ายๆเพียงแค่ปลายนิ้วสัมผัสเท่านั้นทุกวันนี้มีผู้คนหันมาใช้สมาร์ทโฟนกันมากขึ้นซึ่งถือได้ว่าสมาร์ทโฟน ได้กลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในชีวิตประจำวันของท่านแล้วสมาร์ทโฟนสามารถทำได้หลากหลายอย่างและหนึ่งในนั้นคือการเข้าเล่นสล็อตpgนั้นเอง ทางเข้าpg สามารถเข้าเล่นได้ง่ายๆในโทรศัพท์ของท่านเพียงแค่กดลิงค์ pgslot.co เพียงเท่านี้ท่านก็สามารถเข้าเล่นได้แล้วแต่ก่อนจะเข้าท่านก็ต้องมีรหัสเข้าสล็อตpg ซะก่อน ทางเข้าpgไปเอารหัสนั้นก็ขึ้นอยู่กับว่าท่านต้องการเล่นสล็อตเว็บไหนซึ่งทุกวันนี้เว็บพนันออนไลน์ได้เกิดขึ้นมามากมายและยังมีแอดมิน คอยบริการทุกท่านอย่างดีเลิศนั้นก็ขึ้นอยู่กับตัวท่านว่าท่านต้องการและพึงพอใจกับเว็บไหนตามความต้องการของตัวท่าน และทางเข้าpgไม่ได้มีแค่เข้าทางโทรศัพท์เท่านั้นแต่ทางเข้าpgท่านยังสามารถเข้าผ่านสมาร์ทโฟนอื่นๆได้เช่น โน้ตบุ๊ค คอมพิวเตอร์ หรืออื่นๆอีกมากมายทางเข้าpgนั้นสามารถเข้าได้ทั้ง android และ IOS เมื่อท่านเข้าสล็อตpgมาแล้วท่านก็ยังสามารถเลือกได้อีกด้วยว่าท่านต้องการเล่นเกมในสล็อตpgเกมแบบไหนซึ่งมีเกมมากมายให้ท่านได้เลือกเล่นตามความต้องการของตัวท่าน แต่หากท่านยังไม่กล้าที่จะลงทุนทางสล็อตpgยังมีทางเข้าpgรูปแบบทดลองเล่นให้ท่านลองเล่นก่อนจะลงทุนจริงอีกด้วยโดยที่ท่านไม่ต้องเสียอะไรเลยหรือเรียกง่ายๆว่าเล่นฟรีนั้นเอง.

  14. This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing websites that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. It is the old what goes around comes around routine.Find Your Flats

  15. When I read an article on this topic, totosite the first thought was profound and difficult, and I wondered if others could understand.. My site has a discussion board for articles and photos similar to this topic. Could you please visit me when you have time to discuss this topic? ??

  18. สล็อต เว็บ ตรง แตกง่ายแตกหนักแจกจริง ไม่ผ่านเอเยนต์ต้องที่นี่กับ PGSLOT-TH.COM เว็บเกมคุณภาพจากค่ายชื่อดังอย่าง PG SLOT ที่มีลูกค้าเล่นอย่างมากมายทั่วโลก มาแรงปี2022

  19. Liga365 merupakan situs Judi Bola yang menyediakan permainan judi bola, bandar bola online, agen taruhan bola, judi slot online terlengkap dan resmi di indonesia.

  20. เว็บสล็อตแตกบ่อย slot1678 ฝาก-ถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ำ เป็นเว็บตรงที่เปิดโอกาสให้นักเดิมพันทุกคน ได้เป็นคนรวย จะได้เล่นเกมส์สล็อตแตกง่ายที่สุด รวดเร็วแนวโน้ม สล็อต 2022 เว็บไหนดัง ค่ายไหนดี สล็อตแตกง่าย มีมาแนะนำกันตั้งแต่gb24hด้วยข้อสังเกตง่าย ๆ ไม่กี่จุด นอกจากเว็บพนันนั้นจะมีหน้าตาที่ทันสมัยดึงดูดแล้วการที่จะรู้ว่า slot เว็บไหนดี 2022

  21. تحلیل تکنیکال چیست؟
    تحلیل تکنیکال
    به بررسی روند قیمت گذشته به پیش بینی روند آینده بازار ارز دیجیتال می پردازد. از تحلیل تکنیکال که در بازارها مالی و سنتی مانند سهام و بورس کاربرد دارد، میتوان در بازار ارز دیجیتال هم استفاده کرد.

    در تحلیل تکنیکال پارامترهای قیمت و حجم معاملات به عنوان ورودی استفاده میشود تا بتونیم درباره ی حرکات بازار که شامل ترس و طمع، روندها، بازگشت روندها و غیره است مطلع شویم… برای خواندن ادامه مطلب روی تحلیل تکنیکال کلیک کنید

  22. It has fully emerged to crown Singapore’s southern shores and undoubtedly placed her on the global map of residential landmarks. I still scored the more points than I ever have in a season for GS. I think you would be hard pressed to find somebody with the same consistency I have had over the years so I am happy with that. melbourne accountant bookkeeper

  24. تاثیر تحریم ایران بر بازارهای ارز دیجیتال
    در این مقاله میخواهیم درمورد تاثیراتی که در اثر تحریم به وجود آمده توضیحاتی رو بدهیم. در دنیای امروز، خرید و فروش ارز های دیجیتال به یکی از بخش های مهم در اقتصاد جهانی تبدیل شدن.

    حتی با اینکه خیلی از کاربران اطلاعات تخصصی در این حوزه ندارن، ولی فراگیر شدن ارز های دیجیتال روز به روز در حال افزایش است. امروزه در اخبار اقتصادی علاوه بر بررسی قیمت طلا و سهام شرکت های بزرگ، به قیمت بیت کوین و سایر ارز های دیجیتال هم پرداخته میشه… برای خواندن ادامه مقاله روی تاثیر تحریم ایران بر بازارهای ارز دیجیتال کلیک کنید

  26. Looking at the rankings of P2P sites is also a hobby! Everyone wants to enjoy their own hobbies , but it is not easy to find a suitable one. There are many hobbies, but due to time, cost, and location restrictions, there are many cases where you cannot do what you want when you want. As smartphones become more common, many have naturally switched from offline to online, so if you look closely at the P2P site rankings, it will be helpful to know that there are some that are possible without these restrictions. However, if it is a game where money is actually transferred, safety is also important, so if you only pay attention to this part and enjoy your hobby, there is not much to worry about https://thetotome.com/

  27. روش های دور زدن تحریم های صرافی ها برای کاربران ایرانی
    ما در مقاله روش های دور زدن صرافی هایی که کاربران ایرانی را تحریم کرده اند، میخواهیم شما رو با چند روش مختلف برای دور زدن و زیر پا گذاشتن تحریم ها آشنا کنیم. تحریم موضوع تازه ای نیست و سالیان سال هست که کشور ایران و برخی کشور های دیگر توسط آمریکا و قدرت های بزرگ مورد تحریم قرار میگیرن. این تحریم ها مشکلات زیادی برای کشور به ارمغان میاره و کشور رو از نظر اقتصادی با فشار روبرو میکند.
    تحریم های آمریکا علیه ایران تنها به موارد اشاره شده اثر نذاشته و در حوزه ارز های دیجیتال هم نقش آن دیده می شود. تحریم ها در حوزه ارز های دیجیتال به این صورت است که آمریکا به صرافی های بزرگ دنیا فشار زیادی وارد می کند تا مانع فعالیت کاربران ایرانی شود و حساب های ایرانی ها را مسدود کند.

    این صرافی ها هم بدلیل ترس از تحریم شدن توسط آمریکا و سایر کشور های قدرتمند مجبور به اجرای دستورات آن ها هستند. در حال حاضر برخی از صرافی های بزرگ دنیا کشور ایران را در لیست تحریم خودشون قرار داده و اجازه فالیت کاربران ایرانی رو نمی دهند و در صورت شناسایی هم حساب معاملاتی فرد را بلوک می کنن… برای خواندن ادامه مقاله روی روش های دور زدن صرافی هایی که کاربران ایرانی را تحریم کرده اند کلیک کنید

  29. I might want to thank you for the endeavors you have made in composing this article. I am trusting the same best work from you later on too.. go url

  34. Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. CDN-AF.FEEDNEWS COM

  35. I’ve been searching for hours on this topic and finally found your post. baccaratsite, I have read your post and I am very impressed. We prefer your opinion and will visit this site frequently to refer to your opinion. When would you like to visit my site?
    >>

  37. The primary stage the arrangement should, hypothetically, be uninfluenced by the planned force and term of the sound which is hence created. Truth be told, be that as it may, so rapidly are the three stages achieved that the piano player once in a while has ability to think, in execution, of each stage independently. comprar jugo de maguey

  38. มีหลากหลายค่ายเกมดังไว้รองรับ พร้อมให้บริการ ต้องที่นี่ บาคาร่า ออนไลน์ ระบบปฎิบัติการอัตโนมัติที่สมบูรณ์แบบ ฝากง่าย ถอนไว บริการรวดเร็ว เชื่อถือได้ มั่นใจ ล้านนน%

  39. Things i have seen in terms of computer memory is the fact there are technical specs such as SDRAM, DDR and many others, that must match the features of the motherboard. If the personal computer’s motherboard is fairly current while there are no operating-system issues, changing the memory literally takes under sixty minutes. It’s one of several easiest personal computer upgrade techniques one can picture. Thanks for giving your ideas. slot777 online terbaru

  40. I have been looking for articles on these topics for a long time. casinocommunity I don’t know how grateful you are for posting on this topic. Thank you for the numerous articles on this site, I will subscribe to those links in my bookmarks and visit them often. Have a nice day

  43. Thank you sharing such informative blog to us. I never see or heard about this insects. I love to watch national geographic, discovery channel because it shows the most amazing and beautiful animals and insects which we never saw in our entire life. Here, in this as well you share these insects which I never saw anywhere and its life cycle. I love this blog. Thank you once again for sharing this blog with us. Please keep on sharing such informative things in coming days as well. Cheers instagram panel

  45. One other important aspect is that if you are an elderly person, travel insurance regarding pensioners is something you ought to really take into consideration. The old you are, greater at risk you are for making something terrible happen to you while overseas. If you are not covered by quite a few comprehensive insurance coverage, you could have some serious problems. Thanks for sharing your guidelines on this blog site. gmail.com

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *