1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
togel123 adalah http://www.loyno.edu/steerthecourse/bandar-togel-online/ terbaik di Indonesia yang membuka akun taruhan togel online di pasaran togel hongkong dan totomacau.
Hello ! I am the one who writes posts on these topics keo nha cai I would like to write an article based on your article. When can I ask for a review?
Dengan hadirnya Togel Online Laetoto, semua masalah tidak akan pernah dirasakan oleh para petaruh di dalam bermain judi togel online. Selain itu, Laetoto menawarkan berbagai keuntungan besar kepada para petaruh. Selain minimal deposit togel online termurah tanpa potongan dan hadiah kemenangan terbesar di dunia. Laetoto menawarkan berbagai promo bonus togel online menarik dengan pilihan pasaran resmi terlengkap
You may feel frustrated soon if you’ve received the HP offline error. It means your HP printer cannot communicate when required to perform a print job.
hp printer says offline
Avast Cleanup Premium License File
llo, thank you for seeing the good posts, and I look forward to seeing more good posts in the future.
goldfish356
에볼루션룰렛
Very informative post! There is a lot of information here that can help any business get started with a successful social networking campaign. https://lifesspace.com/read-blog/65850
Yoi4d is the best and most trusted online slot bookmaker in 2022 with all the facilities and special services for yoi4d members. Yoi4d has 24-hour professional customer service who is always ready to serve if there are problems and problems for the players. All deposit or withdrawal transactions are fast and safe. The most advanced system and very elegant appearance
GOLDEN OX SLOTS
Golden OX is a D.O. online slot, 5×4 reels with 25 paylines, is the game of the year of the Ox. Ready to give happiness and Scatter is the heart of this game. because you can activate free games can bring grand jackpot prizes Come to give you up to 2500 times your stake.
You can find the fun of playing Pragmatic Play online slots, the best online slots website is now open for you in ts911 officials.
วิธีเล่น สล็อตGOLDEN OX ค่าย PP
Thanks for writing such a good article, I stumbled onto your blog and read a few post. I like your style of writing… https://xn--uralt-3ta1iz5a.com/
On this page, you’ll see my profile, please read this information. https://skympo.xn--mk1bu44c/
printer cannot communicate when required to perform a print job.
hp printer says offline
Very interesting information, worth recommending. However, I recommend this: mpoplay
nk you for seeing the good posts, and I look forward to seeing more good posts in the future.
goldfish356
에볼루션룰렛
ou for seeing the good posts, and I look forward to seeing more good posts in the future.
goldfish356
에볼루션룰렛
Excellent article. Very interesting to read. I really love to read such a nice article. Thanks! keep rocking.HIGH QUALITY BACKLINKS SERVICES
.
After reading your blog I came to realise this is what called a perfect blog is. I must say you have chosen a great topic. Not just topic, but the way you try to explain and pay focus on all the important points is literally amazing. Please go through my website at best assignment help Ireland and suggest some suitable changes.
I Went ALL IN On 안전한놀이터 메이저놀이터추천 For A HUGE Comeback! (PROFIT!)
Interesting post. I Have Been wondering about this issue, so thanks for posting. Pretty cool post.It ‘s really very nice and Useful post.Thanks파워볼
Our vision is to maintain and strengthen our position as the world’s number one Live sports game provider as gaming broadcasting continue to evolve globally. Our culture is rooted in our corporate values:
jongtv
종티비
At least 15 people have been สูตรสล็อต shot dead in a bar in the South
Whatever major sites or serching of runaway site the operator chooses, the GAJATOTO ensures the major site’s best quality.
gajatoto1314
먹튀검증
It was so good to see you acknowledging this topic, it really feels great. Thanks for sharing such a valuable information which is very hard to find normally.파워볼
Nice post! This is a very nice blog that I will definitively come back to more times this year! Thanks for informative post. https://www.aviacionnews.com/2016/06/video-aereo-klm-y-su-avion-naranja/
It’s great. You will certainly really feel that your writing is unbelievable even if you check out it.
I mored than happy to see your writing as well as my sensations are still remaining.
I wish you will certainly be impressed similar to me when you see my writing. Would certainly you
such as ahead as well as see my blog post?
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
I have read your article, it is very informative and helpful for me.
I admire the valuable information you offer in your articles.
Thanks for posting it..build a wood deck
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
Extremely helpful post. This is my first time I visit here.
I found such huge numbers of intriguing stuff with regards to your blog particularly its dialog.
Extremely its incredible article.
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
Great post, I enjoyed – Gulvafslibning | Kurt Gulvmand. It was good.
View my blog sometime, it all about Lake Mary, FL Real Estate.
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
Hi, you used to write excellent articles I miss your super writing.
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
When I read an article on this topic, keo nha cai the first thought was profound and difficult, and I wondered if others could understand.. My site has a discussion board for articles and photos similar to this topic. Could you please visit me when you have time to discuss this topic?
This blog is linked to very popular and large knowledge. This blog has provided me with a wealth of instructive information.
I’m going to share a profile free aim trainer, which is quite useful for gamers.
The free aim trainer evaluates your score, records your skills, and then compares your score to the scores of other players in the game.
Also visit my web site …마마카지노
Good information. Lucky me I discovered your blog by chance.I’ve saved as a favorite for later!สล็อตเว็บตรง
Amazing! Its really awesome article, I have got much clear idea regarding from this post.คาสิโน
Good information. Lucky me I discovered your blog by chance.I’ve saved as a favorite for later คาสิโน
I’ve read a few just right stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting.informative web site.สล็อตเว็บตรง
Obrigado. Melhor painel smm do brasil https://topsmm.club/bp
파워볼분석법 cards counting strategy. Easy system to count cards, for the gambler’s advantage.
Yay google is my king helped me to find this great web site ! . online statistics assignment writers
Double Deck 로우바둑이 비트게임 Card Counting Session $10,000 to win $5000 profit!
Whatever major sites or serching of runaway site the operator chooses, the GAJATOTO ensures the major site’s best quality.
가자토토
먹튀검증
Our vision is to maintain and strengthen our position as the world’s number one Live sports game provider as gaming broadcasting continue to evolve globally. Our culture is rooted in our corporate values:
jongtv
종티비
lms
Jelajah Ilmu adalah platform pendidikan untuk manajemen sekolah, guru, murid, dan orangtua dalam proses transformasi belajar dan kelas online.
Of the many nigoal123 forms of marketing, social media is one that is often treated alone because it follows a slightly different set of rules.
how to buy bet2ken
This site is very cool, good, and there is a lot of useful information on this site, check it now situs judi online
convertido en una tarea muy difícil para muchas personas, cómo obtener una licencia de conducir sin tomar el examen. Le ofrecemos la oportunidad de comprar su licencia de conducir de Suecia y Finlandia para registrarse en la prefectura sin ningún problema, sin ninguna preocupación. Comprar Carnet de Conducir Legal sin Examen.Comprar Carnet de Conducir Legal sin Examen ,
Jasa Pemasaran Online
Digital Marketing Consultant & Agency
Thanks a lot for the purpose of rendering up to date update versions about the challenge, I just await read through further. communication homework help
Jasa Website Berita
Website Development Spesialist
Online education provides numerous opportunities to use their time effectively. With the technology, students can join an online course or take online assignment help to improve their learning.