year |
title |
author |
location |
region |
1753 |
Bars Fight |
Lucy Terry |
Vermont |
Afro-America |
1759 |
Ode to Governor Haldane |
Francis Williams |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1760 |
An Evening Thought. Salvation by Christ with Penitential Cries: Composed by Jupiter Hammon, a Negro belonging to Mr. Lloyd of Queen’s Village, on Long Island, the 25th of December, 1760 |
Jupiter Hammon |
New York |
Afro-America |
1773 |
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral |
Phyllis Wheatley |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1820 |
Poesías |
José María Heredia |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1829 |
Appeal, in Four Articles |
David Walker |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1845 |
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass |
Frederick Douglass |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1853 |
Clotel; or, the President’s Daughter |
William Wells Brown |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1859 |
Stella |
Eméric Bergeaud |
Haiti |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1859 |
Our Nig |
Harriet G. Wilson |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1861 |
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl |
Linda Brent (Harriet Jacobs) |
North Carolina |
Afro-America |
1869 |
The Theory and Practice of Creole Grammar |
J.J. Thomas |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1873 |
Francesca, les jeux du sort (Francesca, The Game of Fate) |
Demesvar Delorme |
Haiti |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1877 |
Le Damné |
Demesvar Delorme |
Haiti |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1886 |
Treading the Winepress (A Mountain of Misfortune) |
Clarissa Minnie Thompson |
Texas |
Afro-America |
1887 |
The Goophered Grapevine |
Charles Chesnutt |
Ohio |
Afro-America |
1889 |
The Conjure Woman |
Charles Chesnutt |
Ohio |
Afro-America |
1889 |
Froudacity |
J.J. Thomas |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1892 |
Iola Leroy |
Frances Watkins Harper |
Pennsylvania |
Afro-America |
1892 |
A Voice from the South |
Anna Julia Cooper |
Washington, D.C. |
Afro-America |
1903 |
The Souls of Black Folk |
W.E.B. DuBois |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1904 |
Becka’s Buckra Baby |
Tom Redam (Thomas Macdermot) |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1907 |
The Traveller of the East |
Thomas Mofolo |
South Africa |
Africa |
1911 |
Ethiopia Unbound: Studies in Race Emancipation |
Joseph E. Casely-Hayford |
Ghana |
Africa |
1912 |
Constab Ballads |
Claude McKay |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1912 |
The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man |
James Weldon Johnson |
Massachusetts |
Afro-America |
1914 |
Jane’s Career |
Herbert G. de Lisser |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1919 |
If We Must Die |
Claude McKay |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1919 |
The Negro Speaks of Rivers |
Langston Hughes |
New York |
Afro-America |
1921 |
Batouala |
René Maran |
Martinique |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1923 |
Cane |
Jean Toomer |
New York |
Afro-America |
1925 |
Chaka |
Thomas Mofolo |
South Africa |
Africa |
1926 |
Tropic Death |
Eric Walrond |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1926 |
The Haunting Hand |
W. Adolphe Roberts |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1928 |
Ainsi parla l’oncle (So Spoke the Uncle, translated 1983) |
Jean Price-Mars |
Haiti |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1928 |
Home to Harlem |
Claude McKay |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1929 |
The White Witch of Rose Hall |
Herbert G. de Lisser |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1929 |
Passing |
Nella Larsen |
New York |
Afro-America |
1929 |
The Autobiography of Segilola: The Lady with the Delicate Eyeballs |
Isaac Thomas |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1929 |
Plum Bun |
Jessie Redmon Fauset |
Pennsylvania |
Afro-America |
1930 |
Motivos de son (Son Motifs) |
Nicolás Guillén |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1930 |
After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie |
Jean Rhys |
Dominica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1930 |
Tropic Reveries |
Una Marson |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1930 |
Poemes: Chants d’Ombre, Ethiopiques |
Leopold Senghor |
Senegal |
Africa |
1931 |
Sóngoro cosongo y otros poemas |
Nicolás Guillén |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1932 |
Southern Road |
Sterling Brown |
Washington, D.C. |
Afro-America |
1934 |
Pitch Lake |
Alfred Mendes |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1935 |
The Black Fauns |
Alfred Mendes |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1936 |
Minty Alley |
C.L.R. James |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1937 |
Cantos para soldados y sones para turistas (Songs for Soldiers and Rhythms for Tourists) |
Nicolás Guillén |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1937 |
Pigments |
Léon-Gontran Damas |
French Guiana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1937 |
Under the Sun: A Jamaican Comedy |
Herbert G. de Lisser |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1938 |
Their Eyes Were Watching God |
Zora Neale Hurston |
Florida |
Afro-America |
1938 |
Uncle Tom’s Children |
Richard Wright |
New York |
Afro-America |
1938 |
The Black Jacobins |
C.L.R. James |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1939 |
Good Morning, Midnight |
Jean Rhys |
Dominica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1939 |
Cahier d’un retour au pays Natal (Return to My Native Land) |
Aimé Césaire |
Martinique |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1940 |
Native Son |
Richard Wright |
New York |
Afro-America |
1941 |
Corentyne Thunder |
Edgar Mittelholzer |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1942 |
Dark Testament |
Peter Abrahams |
South Africa |
Africa |
1944 |
For My People |
Margaret Walker |
Mississippi |
Afro-America |
1945 |
If He Hollers Let Him Go |
Chester Himes |
California |
Afro-America |
1945 |
And Most of All Man |
Roger Mais |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1946 |
The Street |
Anne Petry |
Connecticut |
Afro-America |
1946 |
Mine Boy |
Peter Abrahams |
South Africa |
Africa |
1947 |
El son entero (The Whole Rhythm) |
Nicolás Guillén |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1948 |
Take’um so |
Aquah Laluah (Gladys Casely-Hayford) |
Sierra Leone |
Africa |
1949 |
El reino de este mundo (The Kingdom of This World, translated 1957) |
Alejo Carpentier |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1949 |
Anne Allen |
Gwendolyn Brooks |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1949 |
New Day |
Vic Reid |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1950 |
A Morning at the Office |
Edgar Mittelholzer |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1950 |
Ògbójú ode nini Igbó irúnmalè (A Hunter’s Saga) |
D.O. Fagunwa |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1952 |
Maude Martha |
Gwendolyn Brooks |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1952 |
Invisible Man |
Ralph Ellison |
New York |
Afro-America |
1952 |
The Palm Wine Drinkard |
Amos Tutola |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1953 |
In the Castle of My Skin |
George Lamming |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1953 |
The Narrows |
Anne Petry |
Connecticut |
Afro-America |
1953 |
Los pasos perdidos (The Lost Steps, translated 1956) |
Alejo Carpentier |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1953 |
Orchid House |
Phyllis Shand Allfrey |
Dominica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1953 |
The Hills Were Joyful Together |
Roger Mais |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1953 |
Go Tell it On the Mountain |
James Baldwin |
New York |
Afro-America |
1953 |
Things Fall Apart |
Chinua Achebe |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1953 |
A Brighter Sun |
Sam Selvon |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1954 |
Youngblood |
John Oliver Killens |
Georgia |
Afro-America |
1954 |
Poems of Resistance |
Marin Carter |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1954 |
The Fires that Burn in Heaven |
Clarence Major |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1954 |
Brother Man |
Roger Mais |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1955 |
The Primitive |
Chester Himes |
California |
Afro-America |
1956 |
Giovanni’s Room |
James Baldwin |
New York |
Afro-America |
1959 |
Brown Girl, Brownstones |
Paule Marshall |
New York |
Afro-America |
1960 |
Palace of the Peacock |
Wilson Harris |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1960 |
The African |
William Conton |
Sierra Leone |
Africa |
1961 |
Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note |
Amiri Baraka |
New Jersey |
Afro-America |
1961 |
A House for Mr. Biswas |
V.S. Naipul |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1962 |
Soul or Ice |
Eldridge Cleaver |
California |
Afro-America |
1962 |
In a Green Night |
Derek Walcott |
Saint Lucia |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1962 |
Gods Bits of Wood |
Ousmane Sembene |
Senegal |
Africa |
1963 |
And then We Heard the Thunder |
John Oliver Killens |
Georgia |
Afro-America |
1964 |
Catherine Carmier |
Ernest Gaines |
Louisiana |
Afro-America |
1964 |
Dutchman and the Slave |
Amiri Baraka |
New Jersey |
Afro-America |
1964 |
Blues for Mister Charlie |
James Baldwin |
New York |
Afro-America |
1964 |
Love Poems of a Black Man |
Charles Major |
|
|
1965 |
The River Between |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1965 |
The Autobiography of Malcolm X |
Malcolm X and Alex Hayley |
New York |
Afro-America |
1966 |
Wide Sargasso Sea |
Jean Rhys |
Dominica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1966 |
The Hills of Hebron: A Jamaican Novel |
Sylvia Wynter |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1966 |
The Wretched of the Earth |
Frantz Fanon |
Martinique |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1967 |
Rights of Passage |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1967 |
Cotton Comes to Harlem |
Chester Himes |
California |
Afro-America |
1967 |
Think Black |
Don L. Lee (Haki R. Madhubuti) |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1967 |
A Grain of Wheat |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1967 |
Dutchman and the Slave, Two Plays |
Amiri Baraka |
New Jersey |
Afro-America |
1967 |
The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual |
Harold Cruse |
New York |
Afro-America |
1968 |
Masks |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1968 |
Soul on Ice |
Eldridge Cleaver |
California |
Afro-America |
1968 |
Murmures, Poemes |
Clémentine Madiya Faïk-Nzuju |
Congo |
Africa |
1968 |
Black Pride |
Don L. Lee (Haki R. Madhubuti) |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1968 |
Land Without Thunder |
Grace Ogot |
Kenya |
Africa |
1968 |
The First Cities |
Audre Lorde |
New York |
Afro-America |
1968 |
The Schoolmaster |
Earl Lovelace |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1969 |
Islands |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1969 |
Don’t Cry, Scream |
Don L. Lee (Haki R. Madhubuti) |
Illinois |
Afro-America |
1969 |
Daughter of Mumbi |
Charity Waciuma |
Kenya |
Africa |
1970 |
19 Necromancers from Now |
Ishmael Reed |
New York |
Afro-America |
1970 |
Dream on Monkey Mountain, and Other Plays |
Derek Walcott |
Saint Lucia |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1971 |
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman |
Ernest Gaines |
Louisiana |
Afro-America |
1971 |
The Black Aesthetic |
Addison Gayle |
New York |
Afro-America |
1971 |
Down Second Avenue |
Es’kia Mphahlele |
South Africa |
Africa |
1972 |
Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle (The Bridge of Beyond, translated 1974) |
Simone Shwarz-Bart |
Guadeloupe |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1972 |
Voices in the Whirlwind |
Es’kia Mphahlele |
South Africa |
Africa |
1973 |
A Question of Power |
Bessie Head |
Botswana |
Africa |
1973 |
Another Life |
Derek Walcott |
Saint Lucia |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1973 |
Robben Island |
D.M. Zwelonke |
South Africa |
Africa |
1975 |
Ripples in the Pool |
Rebeka Njau |
Kenya |
Africa |
1975 |
Muriel at Metropolitan |
Miriam Tlali |
South Africa |
Africa |
1975 |
Three Solid Stones |
Martha Mvungi |
Tanzania |
Africa |
1975 |
Guerillas |
V.S. Naipul |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1976 |
The Other Woman |
Grace Ogot |
Kenya |
Africa |
1977 |
Mother Poem |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1977 |
Anowa, Dilemma of a Ghost |
Ama Ata Aidoo |
Ghana |
Africa |
1977 |
Petals of Blood |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1977 |
For colored girls who have considered suicide, when the rainbow is enuf: a choreopoem |
Ntozake Shange |
New York |
Afro-America |
1978 |
The House of Hunger |
Dambudzo Marechera |
Zimbabwe |
Africa |
1979 |
Edufa |
Efua Sutherland |
Ghana |
Africa |
1979 |
The Joys of Motherhood |
Buchi Emecheta |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1979 |
Death & the Kings Horsemen |
Wole Soyinka |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1979 |
The Star Apple Kingdom |
Derek Walcott |
Saint Lucia |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1979 |
La grève des battù (The Beggar’s Strike) |
Aminata Sow Fall |
Senegal |
Africa |
1979 |
Over de gekte van een vrouw (About a Woman’s Madness) |
Astrid Roemer |
Suriname |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1979 |
The Dragon Can’t Dance |
Earl Lovelace |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1980 |
The Graduate |
Grace Ogot |
Kenya |
Africa |
1980 |
The Island of Tears |
Grace Ogot |
Kenya |
Africa |
1980 |
Mzala |
Mbulelo Mzamane |
South Africa |
Africa |
1981 |
Orphée d’Afric: Theatre-rituel (African Orpheus: Ritual Theater) |
Werewere Liking |
Cameroon |
Africa |
1981 |
L’isolé soleil (Lone Sun, translated 1989) |
Daniel Maximin |
Guadeloupe |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1981 |
The Unbroken Song |
Es’kia Mphahlele |
South Africa |
Africa |
1982 |
Sun Poem |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1982 |
Devil on the Cross |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1982 |
I Will Marry When I Want |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1982 |
A Soldier’s Play |
Charles Fuller |
Pennsylvania |
Afro-America |
1982 |
L’áppel des arènes (The Call of the Arena) |
Aminata Sow Fall |
Senegal |
Africa |
1982 |
The Wine of Astonishment |
Earl Lovelace |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1983 |
At the Bottom of the River |
Jamaica Kincaid |
Antigua |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1983 |
Elle sera de jaspe et de corail (She Will Be of Jasper and Coral) |
Werewere Liking |
Cameroon |
Africa |
1983 |
The Color Purple |
Alice Walker |
Georgia |
Afro-America |
1983 |
Praisesong for the Widow |
Paule Marshall |
New York |
Afro-America |
1983 |
Fools and Other Stories |
Njabulo Ndebele |
South Africa |
Africa |
1984 |
The History of the Voice: The Development of Nation Language in Anglophone Caribbean Poetry |
Edward Kamau Braithwaite |
Barbados |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1984 |
Cuaderno de Granada (Grenada Notebook) |
Nancy Morejón |
Cuba |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1984 |
Ségou (translated 1987) |
Maryse Condé |
Guadeloupe |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1986 |
Frangipani House |
Beryl Gilroy |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1986 |
Summer Lightning |
Olive Senior |
Jamaica |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1986 |
Hungry Flames and Other Black South African Short Stories |
Mbulelo Mzamane |
South Africa |
Africa |
1987 |
Soufriéres |
Daniel Maximin |
Guadeloupe |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1987 |
Matigari |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1987 |
The Colored Museum |
George Wolfe |
New York |
Afro-America |
1987 |
Head Above Water |
Buchi Emecheta |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1987 |
Fences |
August Wilson |
Pennsylvania |
Afro-America |
1988 |
Boy-Sandwich |
Beryl Gilroy |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1988 |
Eloge de la Créolité (Elegy to Creolity) |
Patrick Chamoiseau, Jean Bernabé, and Raphaël Confiant |
Martinique |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1988 |
Beloved |
Toni Morrison |
New York |
Afro-America |
1988 |
Mama Day |
Gloria Naylor |
New York |
Afro-America |
1988 |
Anthills of the Savannah |
Chinua Achebe |
Nigeria |
Africa |
1990 |
Omeros |
Derek Walcott |
Saint Lucia |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1991 |
Stedman and Joanna |
Beryl Gilroy |
Guyana |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1992 |
Waiting to Exhale |
Terry McMillan |
California |
Afro-America |
1992 |
Texaco (translated 1997) |
Patrick Chamoiseau |
Martinique |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1993 |
Portsmouth |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Africa |
1995 |
Push |
Sapphire |
New York |
Afro-America |
1996 |
Salt |
Earl Lovelace |
Trinidad & Tobago |
Caribbean and Latin America |
1997 |
Fires in the Mirror: Crown Heights, Brooklyn, & Other Identities |
Anna Deavere Smith |
New York |
Afro-America |
2001 |
Welcome to Our Hillbrow |
Phaswane Mpe |
South Africa |
Africa |
2002 |
The Stone Virgins |
Yvonne Vera |
Zimbabwe |
Africa |
2003 |
A Human Being Died that Night |
Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela |
South Africa |
Africa |
2007 |
Half of a Yellow Sun |
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |
Nigeria |
Africa |
2010 |
The Memory of Love |
Aminatta Forna |
Sierra Leone |
Africa |