1. Industry Overview:
In France, one of the most popular transport modes is train. SNCF is France’s national railway, providing high speed, overnight and local services in France and beyond into Spain, Switzerland and Italy.
>> http://www.tgv-europe.com/en
Types of Train in France:
Railway industry is quite similar to airline industry, as it sells seats for a transport from an origin to a destination. The price depends on journey, class, and date of booking. Thus, railway industry can be placed in Quadrant 2, where its service has variable prices for a predictable duration. This industry also has the appropriate characteristics to apply revenue management strategies. Those characteristics are:
– Inflexible capacity: the number of seats on a train is fixed
– Variable and uncertain demand: the demand is different depending on the time of day, day of week, origin-destination pairs, and purpose of travel
– Perishable inventory: the unoccupied seat cannot be inventoried, and the revenue of that seat is missed
– Low marginal cost and high production cost
– Product can be sold in advance
– Heterogeneous customers with different segments, varying by age, purpose of travel, independent or group, etc.
However, there are some differences that make the revenue management of railway industry is little bit different than that of airline industry.
– More difficult to forecast demand and to have the accurate number of travelers on a service: no check-in procedure, open tickets (rail pass) generally allow passengers to travel on any rail service, walk up tickets are very common (a large number of passengers purchase their tickets on the day from the station)
– Less difficult to deal with overbooking: passengers are often allowed to stand during train journeys hence increasing capacity beyond the number of seats
———
2. Space
Railway industry defines space implicitly.
Normally, a train has two classes: Economy (2nd Class) and Comfort (1st Class). The seating options and services are different for each class. The price is same for different seating options in a class.
Economy Class:
Comfort Class:
Trains, especially TGV has “TGV bar”, which provides a wide selection of meals and sweet snacks available for purchase. Additionally, the TGV bar offers films on DVD, magazines, games for children, Paris Metro tickets, even USB sticks for purchase. There is also a rolling snack cart that comes to the customers’ seats.
For additional revenue, TGV offers Premium service includes 1st Class seat, meal service, and access to the TGV lounge at the train stations.
Personally, I would charge difference fares for different seating options in each class. A group will want to pay more to have a Club 4 seat. A couple will want the Duo seat or Club 2 seat. And an individual traveler will want a solo seat. As the number of seat are fixed, we can charge for each option, rather than a “first comes first served” policy.
I’m also thinking about a mini-cinema on train, especially overnight train. Normally, the overnight train have load factor less than 80%, so the train can use one car to transform into a mini-cinema with a projector and a screen. When the train is busy, the car will be transformed in normal guest car again.
——
3. Time
Railway industry defines time implicitly.
Although the duration of a journey is determined, the railway industry sells a journey rather than specifically selling time. In addition, there may be issues that cause the increase/decrease in duration of the journey.
However, the railway industry also tries to sell time explicitly with the Rail pass. With Rail pass, customers can have unlimited travel on the national rail network of France for a fixed number of days. The choices are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9-day pass within a one-month period. Travel days may be used consecutively or non-consecutively. Thus, the fare becomes rate-per-day, not anymore rate-per-trip.
>> http://www.raileurope.com/rail-tickets-passes/france-pass/index.html
The industry can sell time explicitly by providing Rail pass with weekly or monthly unit. However, I think it will not be effective as it makes the demand forecasting much more complicated. Half-day unit won’t make sense as a trip is normally more than 3 hours.
——–
4. Price
Tickets can be purchased 60 to 120 days in advance depending on the route.
Ticket discounts are based on advance purchase, availability, and certain restrictions. Everyone is eligible to receive discounted fares by purchasing an Economy or Comfort class ticket in advance. Youth and seniors can enjoy specific discounts as well. Discounted tickets are available for youth (under 26 of age), seniors (age 60 and over) and children (generally ages 4-11) but should be verified with each product.
Price at 1 week before departure
Price at 2 weeks before departure
Price at 3 weeks before departure
Price at 4 weeks before departure
Normally, prices are reduced for 1or 2 week-advanced purchase, slightly reduced for 3-week-advanced purchased, and stay same for more-than-4-week-advanced purchase.
The physical rate fences are the classes:
The non-physical rate fences are age, season ticket, and loyalty
As the rate fences are now already too sophisticated, I would rather consolidate these fences than create new fences to confuse customers.
(-Thao Ly)
——–
References:
http://www.raileurope.com
http://www.tgv-europe.com
http://www.sncf.co.uk/
Amstrong and Messneir, 2010. Railway revenue management: Overview and Methods
Schroeder, Braun, and Schnieder. Revenue management in the railway industry
Bahis siteleri kullanıcı sayısının fazlalığından dolayı kazanç sağlar. Bunun içinde öncelikli olarak daha fazla kullanıcı sayısına sahip olması gerekir. Kullanıcının bahis sitesini tercih etmesi içinde birden fazla faktöre dikkat etmesi gerekir. Örneğin bahis oranları burada dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli hususların başında gelir. Bir bahis sitesinin oranının yüksek olması demek kullanıcı sayısının da artması anlamına gelecektir. Kullanıcılar canlı bahis siteleri içerisinde her zaman en yüksek oranı verecek olanları tercih eder. Bahis siteleri için oranların yanı sıra aynı zamanda ödeme sistemleri de çok önemlidir. Bir bahis oyuncusu ödeme yaparken mutlaka dikkatli hareket etmesi gerekir. Bunun içinde en güvenli olan yöntemleri tercih etmek zorundadır.
Site : https://wonmania5.com/whats-new/
This is helpful, nonetheless it can be crucial so that you can check out the following website: guest post service
آهن زینالی
امروزه ساخت و ساز ، مکان های تجاری بسیار رواج پیدا کرده است
I was suggested this website by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my trouble. You are wonderful! Thanks!Nice blog here! Also your web site loads up fast! What web host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as quickly as yours lol swedish agency
I like this website it’s a master piece! Glad I found this on google. filmbyrå
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
lokkotha
Klebefolie Glitzer
Sanft, rau, natürlich, elegant oder auffallend? Sie möchten Ihre in die Jahre gekommenen Möbel etwas aufpeppen und suchen noch das richtige Motiv? Dann sind Sie bei uns genau richtig.
What is SEO in Hindi सीखे SEO क्या है और SEO कैसे करे. अपने वेबसाइट के Rank को SERP मे organic तरीको से बढ़ाये. Search Engine Optimization guide in Hindi
Magnificent and fascinating article. Extraordinary things you’ve generally imparted to us. Much appreciated. Simply keep making this sort out of the post
gmb
Your music is amazing. You have some very talented artists. I wish you the best of success.
gabung sekarang di galaxy138 bandar judi casino online terpercaya sedang mengadakan promo bonus saldo tambahan untuk member baru hingga 3jt rupiah cuma dengan syarat yang super gampang.
eFinancialModels offers a marketplace to share and sell industry specific financial model templates and excel spreadsheets.
Budgeting Spreadsheet Templates
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web! Seo Gatineau
what a great read! takipçi satın al
I might suggest almost any information. It really is superb to see you might reveal with text by heart as well as display quality by using precious information is reasonably purely known. UFACasino
Buy Psychedelic drugs online USA and Buy Psychedelic drugs online UK or general Buying Psychedelic drugs online has been distinguished by the superior quality of our products and by our overall focus on wellness and wide variety of Psychedelic and order LSD online products. Buy Legal Psychedelics Drugs Online
I should test with you here. Which isn’t something I normally do! I enjoy reading a put up that may make people think. Also, thanks for permitting me to remark! Hidden wiki
Thank you for this nice post and wonderful read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff your upcoming blog posts… dark web wallet
rathore
ram
I haven’t any word to appreciate this post…..Really i am impressed from this post….the person who create this post it was a great human..thanks for shared this with us. phenq
Paraphrasing Tool
Best online paraphrasing tool, plagiarism checker tool and rewriting help tool
You make so many great points here that I read your article a couple of times. Your views are in accordance with my own for the most part. This is great content for your readers. phenq
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it. It’s so good and so awesome. I am just amazed. I hope that you continue to do your work like this in the future also phenq
Work Is Not Longer A Place Pay safely using our Payment system, release payments according to a schedule of milestones you set, or pay only upon completion. You are in control, so you get to make decisions freelance web developer
جراحان برتر
جراحان برتر
Now, anybody may have get right of entry to pinnacle secure and powerful supplementation that could skinny the body and not the wallet. Do no longer waste time so act now, purchase African Mango Plus, and see extremely good consequences. Now, someone can confidently expect results by taking the top rated fats burner pills.
https://apnews.com/press-release/ts-newswire/lifestyle-business-nutrition-corporate-news-health-37b0b15a08bef55d134a36824d7650fb
Medico Mushroom – Online shop for growing magic mushrooms and magic truffles. The magic mushrooms shop is known for more than 10 years to grow mushrooms fast and easy at home. Discreet and fast shipping. Online shop for growing magic mushrooms and magic truffles
make friends
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et new quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident
Say NO to Bad Fats Yes, I recognise you want to gain weight but, you do not want to be gaining weight whilst you recognize that it’s far all simply fat right? Of direction! So, reduce out the bad fats like chips and sweets.
https://apnews.com/press-release/ts-newswire/lifestyle-business-nutrition-corporate-news-health-37b0b15a08bef55d134a36824d7650fb
olaviv
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et new quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident
Flott arbeid✅Dette er typen informasjon som skal deles på nettet. Jeg har også litt informasjon relatert til dette emnet på nettstedet mitt
bestill citodon online uten resept
loss weight in 2 weeks
Looking for help to lose weight the healthy way? If your goal is to lose weight and start living an active and healthier lifestyle, you’ve landed on the right site! From tips for weight loss, fat blasting workouts, weight loss meal plans to learning how to maintain a healthy diet, you’ll develop the tools to stay active and fit for a lifetime.
This blog website is pretty cool! How was it made !
This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. How to Change your life Lyrics
Private car service in Cancun by MyChauffeurDrive is definitely the top travel solution for any visitor of this remarkable city!
PRIVATE CAR SERVICE CANCUN
Firmanız sayesinde yaklaşık 2 ay eşyalarım deponuzda kaldı. istanbul eşya depolama
Ev eşyalari için depo fiyatlari İstanbul; Örneğin eşyanın miktarı, hangi depolarda saklanacağı ve eşya depolama firmasının sunduğu hizmet kalitesi gibi birçok etken kiralık eşya deposu fiyatları konusunda, belirleyici olmaktadır. eşya depolama
I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. ✅ I also have some information related to this Topic on my website
cash app card
best website to buy instagram followers
Heyy, Great and Informative Content ! Looking forward for more stuff like this ! Also Check: joker123-game/
It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commentators here!
loss weight in 2 weeks
Looking for help to lose weight the healthy way? If your goal is to lose weight and start living an active and healthier lifestyle, you’ve landed on the right site! From tips for weight loss, fat blasting workouts, weight loss meal plans to learning how to maintain a healthy diet, you’ll develop the tools to stay active and fit for a lifetime.
very nice post site; Siirt haber
Perfectly pent written content; Siirt son dakika
پزشکا
بهترین جراح زیبایی در شیراز
I’m excited to uncover this page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly fantastic read !! I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you saved to fav to look at new information in your site. back scratcher shoe horn
Welcome to Desi Serials. We exhibit desi serial channels broadcast online. Desi TV Serial that are loved by Hindi people around the world. Watch them here.
Positive site, where did u come up with the information on this posting?I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style. Thanks a million and please keep up the effective work. SIHI
WoW Boost – is helping people with routine and high-skill required tasks such as raids, leveling, mythic+, mounts for the best price!
WoW Boosting Team